Kodayake a halin yanzu an kewaye shi da manyan hanyoyin zamani, amma unguwar Santa María na ci gaba da kiyaye yawancin kusurwa waɗanda ke gaya mana game da abubuwan da suka gabata na Porfirian
Salon erancin Liberty na gidaje, lambuna da titunan iska waɗanda aka zana a wani kusurwa a cikin unguwar Santa María la Rivera, a cikin garin Mexico, na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fi ba mu damar tantance gine-ginen zamanin Porfirian na ƙarshe.
Wannan tsohuwar yankin da aka kafa a halin yanzu Instituto Técnico Masana'antu, Insurgentes Norte, Río Consulado da hanyoyin Rivera de San Cosme, duk hanyoyi ne masu sauri da na zamani waɗanda suka bambanta da tunanin ci gaban da ya kasance a lokacin da aka kafa Santa María. .
Da farko, zamu iya cewa akan titin Jaime Torres Bodet, a lamba 176, yana tsaye ne da ginin Art Nouveau wanda yake jagorantar tagogi masu gabatar da shimfidar ƙasa suna nuna mafi kyawun salon Faransanci. Gidan Tarihi ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Geology na UNAM. Falonsa yana alfahari da aikin fasa dutse mai ban sha'awa, wanda sauƙin aikinsa ya nuna harsashi da burbushin halittu masu rarrafe, gami da ammonites a ƙarƙashin baka uku a ƙofar. A harabar gidan, wani matattakalar bene mai hawa biyu - wanda aka kawata shi da furanni da ganyen acanthus wanda aka zana a jikin shimfidar marmara saboda hasken da babban dome a rufinsa ya watsa.
Kasancewar wannan katanga ya samo asali ne daga Hukumar Kula da Yankuna ta Mexico, wacce aka kafa a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1886 kuma shekaru bayan haka aka tsara ta a matsayin Cibiyar, wacce ta yi la’akari da cewa yana da muhimmanci a samar da hedikwata don sanya ilimin wannan reshe kuma ta ba da umarnin gina ginin.
Aikin ya kasance mai kula da masanin ilimin kasa José Guadalupe Aguilera da kuma mai tsara ginin Carlos Herrera López. Na farko ya tsara dakunan gwaje-gwaje da dakunan baje koli na dindindin kuma na biyu shi ne mai kula da ginin da kansa.
Don haka, a cikin 1900 aka ɗora dutse na farko na ginin kuma a cikin watan Satumbar 1906 aka buɗe shi a hukumance. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1929, ta zama wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Nationalasa lokacin da aka bayyana ikon cin gashin kanta kuma a cikin 1956, lokacin da Cibiyar Nazarin Geology ta koma cikin Jami'ar Jami'ar, ta kasance kawai a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya. Wannan sabon karbuwa mai gidan ne Herrera da Antonio del Castillo suka jagoranta.
Wannan ginin yana ɗauke da dukkanin al'adun kimiyya na karatun farko a wannan fanni: tarin ma'adanai da burbushin halittu, samfura na fauna da fure na yankuna daban-daban na duniya, da kuma jerin gwano ta mai shimfidar ƙasa José María Velasco. Akwai zane-zane guda huɗu waɗanda suka kasance daga abubuwan halitta waɗanda, kamar zane-zane a cikin rubutun ƙirar halitta, suna nuna canjin rayuwar ruwa da na nahiyoyi tun daga asalinta har zuwa bayyanar mutum.
Ta wannan hanyar, Velasco ya sami nasarar tsara fasalin kimiya da falsafar Positivism ta hanyar iliminsa na fasaha da kere-kere, yana taƙaita ayyukansa babban ra'ayin “ci gaba” a ƙarni na 19.
Babban ɗakin gidan kayan gargajiya an keɓe shi don ilimin burbushin halittu. Tana dauke da kusan kashin baya 2 000 da kuma invertebrates kuma tana nuna kasancewar kwarangwal mai girma na giwa da sauran sassan ƙashi na dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suka ɓace yanzu. A cikin ɗayan katako na katako, wanda kuma ya samo asali ne daga zamanin Porfirian, zaku iya ganin wasu samfuran ma'adinai waɗanda ke nuna sauye-sauye daban-daban a cikin tarihin juyin halitta na duniya. Tunawa da yanayin ƙasarmu ne.
A ƙofofin falo da ƙofar ƙofa, an zana tambarin Cibiyar. A cikin wannan yankin, waɗanda aka jagoranta an sadaukar da kansu ga batun hakar ma'adinai kuma a bango kyakkyawan gilashin gilashi yana wakiltar ma'adinin gishirin Wieliczka, a Poland.
Dakin da ake hada shi da petrology ya hada lu'ulu'u lu'ulu'u daban-daban da tarin daga Pole ta Kudu, zuwa kayan da ke nuna tsarin mulkin dutsen na Mexico. Kari akan haka, akwai jerin duwatsu masu danshi, na daskararre da na metamorphic, da kuma duwatsu masu gogewa don amfanin masana'antu da ado.
A cikin dakin da aka keɓe don ilimin ma'adinai, ana nuna nau'ikan samfura iri-iri daga yankuna daban-daban na ƙasarmu da ƙasashen waje, an rarraba su bisa ga ƙirar da masanin kimiyya H. Strunz ya gabatar, wanda a cikin 1938 ya yi oda bisa ga tushe. ilmin sunadarai da kristallography na abubuwansa. Hakanan ana samun duwatsu masu ƙarancin kyan gani irin su opal, ruby, talc, okenite da spurrite.
Ilimin ilimi da wadataccen soyayya na karni na sha tara, ya bar wata shaidar hanyar tafiya a cikin rayuwar ƙasa a cikin mulkin mallaka na Santa María. A lamba 10 Enrique González Martínez street, Chopo Museum yau shine sabon shafin bincike a filin al'adu. Tsarin karafa wanda ya samar dashi shine wanda ake kira sabon salo na jungend, kuma an kawo shi daga Jamus kuma an haɗashi a cikin 1902 ta injiniyoyi Luis Bacmeister, Aurelio Ruelas da Hugo Dorner, amma saboda matsaloli daban-daban bai kasance ba har zuwa 1910, tare da baje kolin fasahar masana'antar Japan. , lokacinda aka fara shagaltar dashi.
Shekaru uku bayan haka, El Chopo ya zama Gidan Tarihin Tarihi na Tarihi kuma ya kasance har zuwa 1929, ranar da aka tura laburarenta da tarin dabbobin ta zuwa wani wuri da ke bakin tafkin Chapultepec.
Bayan wannan, ginin ya shiga cikin doguwar takaddama ta shari'a kuma ya daɗe da mantuwa na dogon lokaci.
Har zuwa 1973 cewa UNAM ta yanke shawarar dawo da ita kuma ta fara matakinta a matsayin cibiyar al'adu. Aikin gyare-gyare yana daukar shekaru bakwai kuma suna buda sararin samaniya don fim, rawa, wasan kwaikwayo, kide-kide, zane-zanen roba da kuma bita daban-daban Bugu da kari, ginin yana da babban mezzanine da hotuna uku don taron wucin gadi.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, Chopo ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kwayar halitta wacce kyawawan halaye daban-daban suke rayuwa tare. Filin taro ne wanda yake aiki a matsayin ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi akan ma'auni na fasaha. A gefe guda kuma, wannan gidan kayan gargajiya lokaci-lokaci yana bude kofofinsa don nune-nunen daga kungiyoyi zuwa cibiyoyin kasashen waje, don haka inganta sadarwa tsakanin masu kirkirar hoto, daukar hoto, saituna, zane-zane, da sauransu, da sauran jama'a.
El Chopo kuma yana da tarin dindindin na masu zane-zane na gani, daga ciki zaku iya sha'awar marubuta kamar Francisco Corzas, Pablo Amor, Nicholas Sperakis, Adolfo Patiño, Yolanda Meza da Artemio Sepúlveda.
Amma idan Gidan Tarihi na Chopo shine zuciyar al'adun mulkin mallaka, Alameda ita ce zuciyar rayuwar jama'a. Kuma a cikin wannan Alameda ne inda shahararren Pavilion ɗin yake a halin yanzu, wanda aka tsara don New Orleans International Exposition da aka tabbatar daga Disamba 16, 1884 zuwa Mayu 1885.
Bayan haka, wannan Pavilion ya halarci baje kolin duniya a Faris, kuma bayan dawowar sa yana cikin Alameda Central kuma akwai zane don Lotasar Gasar.
A cikin 1908, aiki ya fara motsa Moorish Pavilion zuwa Santa María la Rivera, tunda aka fara gina Hemicycle zuwa Juárez a wurin da ta mamaye. A lokacin ne aka gyara kiosk ɗin don hutun ƙasa na 1910.
A tsakanin shekarun 1930s da 1940s, wannan Pavilion ya ga ƙwarewar birni na farko na yawan ƙaura daga lardin zuwa kwarin Mexico. Dangane da wannan, José Vaconselos ya yi sharhi: "Kiosk, wurin da za a yi kide kide da wake-wake, tarurruka, lalatattun abubuwa da tarzoma suna tsakiyar dandalin birane 100 cikakke a Latin Amurka."
Zuwa yau, An sake sake gina Pavilion sau biyu kawai, a cikin 1962 da 1978, kuma a dukkan lokutan an sake yin kwaskwarima daga dutsen da sansanonin dutse zuwa gaggafa kan dome, da launukan da suka rufe ta.
A karshen mako, wannan wurin ya zama dandalin adabi yayin da samari marubuta ke zuwa yin karatun jama'a. Masu sauraro suna yin sharhi game da ayyukansu, suna yin tunani akan waƙoƙi kuma suna tattauna batun halitta yayin da ma'aurata ke zaune akan benci yara suna wasa. Kuma wannan bai canza ba tun zamanin Vasconcelos, wanda ya ce: “Don haka, birni ya bunƙasa; Babu sauran taro ko yawo, amma duk garin yakan taru a dandalin a ranakun biki da ranakun tashin hankali, kuma cunkoson ababen hawa na tashi daga dandalin kuma daga nan ne duk rayuwar garin ke samun karbuwa ”.
