A ƙarshen karni na 20, Mayan sun zo da lamirin da ke damun su. Al'adar su, har yanzu suna da rai, sun sami damar kawo cikas ga zaman lafiyar al'umma.
Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan sun sa mutane da yawa sanin wanzuwar Indiyawan, waɗanda aka ɗauka kwanan nan mutane ne na tatsuniya, masu kera kayayyakin kere-kere ko ragin zuriyar rayuwar da ta gabata. Haka kuma, mutanen Mayan sun watsa fahimtar 'yan asalin a matsayin ainihin asalin ba kawai na yamma ba, amma ya sha bamban; Sun kuma nuna kuma sun yi tir da tsohuwar rashin adalcin da aka yi masu kuma sun nuna cewa suna iya yanke hukuncin mestizo da mutanen Creole da ke kewaye da su don buɗe sabuwar demokraɗiyya, inda nufin yawancin zai bar sarari mai martaba don yardar tsiraru. .
Kyawawan rayuwar Mayan da kuma tarihin tsayin daka sun sa masu bincike suyi nazarin zamaninsu da na baya, wanda ya bayyana wani nau'i na bayyanar mutum wanda yake cike da kuzari, karfin gwiwa da dabi'u wadanda zasu iya koyar da bil'adama; kamar rayuwa cikin jituwa da sauran maza, ko kuma gamsassun tunanin da suke da shi na zamantakewar jama'a.
Jami'ar Mutu mai zaman kanta ta Mexico ta tattara damuwar masu bincike da yawa wadanda ke sha'awar wannan al'adar ta karni kuma ta tara mu a Cibiyar Nazarin Mayan na tsawon shekaru 26. Taron karawa juna sani na Al’adun Mayan da Hukumar Kula da Rubuta Mayan su ne tushen Cibiyar Nazarin Mayan; duka tare da rayuwar daya dace wacce daga baya ta hade ta kirkiro da sabuwar Cibiyar, wanda aka ayyana bisa ka’ida a zaman ta Majalisar Kwarewar Dan Adam ta 15 ga Yuni, 1970.
Dokta Alberto Ruz, wanda ya gano kabarin na Haikalin Rubutun a Palenque, ya shiga UNAM a matsayin mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Tarihi a 1959, kodayake, a zahiri, yana haɗe da Seminary Al'adun Nahuatl, wanda a wancan lokacin Angel ya jagoranta. Maria Garibay. A shekara mai zuwa, tare da ci gaba zuwa Babban Sakatare na UNAM na Dokta Efrén del Pozo, an kafa Seminar na Mayan Al'adu a cikin wannan Cibiyar, wanda aka sauya daga wannan cibiyar zuwa Faculty of Falsafa da Haruffa.
An tsara taron karawa juna sani tare da wani darakta, malami Alberto Ruz, da wasu masu ba da shawara na girmamawa: Amurkawan Arewacin Amurka biyu da 'yan Mexico biyu: Spinden da Kidder, Caso da Rubín de la Borbolla. Masu binciken da aka yi hayar an riga an san su a zamaninsu, kamar su Dr. Calixta Guiteras da Farfesa Farfesa Barrera Vásquez da Lizardi Ramos, da kuma Dr. Villa Rojas, wanda shi kaɗai ne ya tsira daga asalin ƙungiyar.
Makasudin taron karawa juna sani shi ne bincike da yada al'adun Mayan, ta hanyar kwararru a fannonin tarihi, ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, ilimin kimiya da ilimin harsuna.
Aikin maestro Ruz ya biya nan da nan, ya kafa nasa laburaren, ya dauki nauyin hada dakin karatu na hoto wanda ya danganta da abin da yake da shi kuma ya kirkiro wani littafin zamani Estudios de Cultura Maya, da kuma bugu na musamman da jerin " Littattafan rubutu ". Aikin editan nasa ya sami kambi mai lamba 10 na Nazari, 10 "Littattafan rubutu" da kuma ayyuka guda 2 wadanda da sauri suka zama litattafai na Mayan bibliography: Cultural Development of Mayas and Funerary Customs of the old Mayans, kwanan nan aka sake buga su.
Kodayake aikin ya kasance mai tsanani, wucewar Seminar bai kasance mai sauƙi ba, tunda a cikin 1965 ba a sabunta kwangilar masu binciken ba kuma an rage ma’aikatan zuwa darekta, sakatare da masu riƙe guraben karatu biyu. A wancan lokacin, Dokta Ruz ya ba da umarni da yawa, daga cikinsu dole ne mu ambaci na Marta Foncerrada de Molina akan Uxmal da na Beatriz de la Fuente akan Palenque. Game da farko, Ina so in jaddada cewa, yayin da yake raye, koyaushe yana ba da goyon baya ga masu binciken Cibiyar. Daga na biyun ina so in tuna cewa ƙwarewar da take da ita a cikin nazarin zane-zane kafin zamanin Hispanic ya sa ta, a tsakanin sauran girmamawa, a ba ta suna malama mai farin jini ta Autasa mai zaman kanta ta Mexico.
Wani muhimmin al'amari a kafuwar Cibiyar shi ne Hukumar Nazarin Rubuta Mayan, wanda aka haifa ba da UNAM ba, a Yankin Kudu maso Gabas, a 1963; Wannan kwamiti ya tattara jerin masu binciken da ke sha'awar sadaukar da kansu ga fassara rubutun Mayan. Suna jin daɗin ci gaban masana na ƙasashen waje, sai suka yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar da za ta yi ƙoƙari ta tona asirin rubuce-rubuce. Ana tallafawa tare da gudummawa kuma suna zaune a Cibiyar Lissafin Lantarki ta UNAM, cibiyoyin da suka ba da gudummawa ga aikin masu bincikensu da ɓarnatar da ɓarna da haɗari sune Cibiyar Nazarin Anthropology da Tarihi ta Nationalasa, Jami'ar Yucatan, Jami'ar Veracruzana, Cibiyar Nazarin Harsuna ta bazara kuma tabbas UNAM, musamman Taron Seminar na Mayan, wanda a lokacin ya riga ya cika shekaru 3.
A cikin ƙa'idar aikin hukumar, sa hannun Mauricio Swadesh da Leonardo Manrique; Wadanda suka tsara ayyukanta sun kasance a jere: Ramón Arzápalo, Otto Schumann, Román Piña Chan da Daniel Cazés. Manufarta ita ce "a tattaro dabarun taimakon jama'a da kuma na fasahar amfani da kayan adon harshe da nufin isowa nan gaba don gano rubutun mutanen Maya."
Alberto Ruz, wani ƙaddara mai raɗaɗin wannan kwamiti, a cikin 1965 ya gayyaci Maricela Ayala, wacce tun daga wannan lokacin ta ba da kanta ga zane-zane a Cibiyar Nazarin Mayan da aka ambata a sama.
Tun da Injiniya Barros Sierra ya hau karagar mulki, a matsayinsa na shugaban UNAM, ya ba da goyan bayansa ga Hukumar, kuma saboda sha'awar Ko'odinetan 'Yan Adam, Rubén Bonifaz Nuño da sauran hukumomi, ya shiga Jami'ar, tare da sanya makarantar Seminary na Mayan Nazarin Rubutawa.
A wannan lokacin, rukunin marubuta na rubutun Mayan suna da cikakkun ayyuka da hadewa, don haka darakta, Daniel Cazés, ya kirkiro jerin "Littattafan rubutu" wadanda, wanda ya gabace shi, suka buga Taron karawa juna sani na Mayan. Shida daga cikin waɗannan wallafe-wallafen sun dace da binciken Cazés. Tare duka Seminar din da kuma karkashin rector din Dr. Pablo González Casanova, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Mayan ce ta ayyana Cibiyar Nazarin Mayan, karkashin jagorancin Rubén Bonifaz Nuño.
Tun daga 1970 kwatancen ayyukan Cibiyar Nazarin Mayan ya kasance:
“Ilimi da fahimtar yanayin tarihi, abubuwan kirkirar al’adu da kuma mutanen Mayan, ta hanyar bincike; yada sakamakon da aka samu, galibi ta hanyar bugawa da kujera, da horar da sabbin masu bincike ”.
Babban darakta na farko shi ne Alberto Ruz, har zuwa 1977, lokacin da aka naɗa shi Darakta na National Museum of Anthropology and History. Mercedes de la Garza ne ya gaje shi, wanda tuni da sunan Coordinator ya mamaye shi har zuwa 1990, tsawon shekaru 13.
Bayan shekaru da yawa na binciken ilimi a cikin filin Mayan, muna da yakinin cewa koyaushe yana aiki bisa ƙa'idodin farko da aka kafa, bayar da gudummawa wanda ke haɓaka ilimin Mayan duniya, haifar da sabbin bayanai, gabatar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban da kawo haske vestiges da aka rufe ta yanayi.
Wadannan binciken sun kasance kuma ana aiwatar dasu tare da hanyoyin fannoni daban-daban: ilimin zamantakewar dan adam da ilimin kimiya, ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi, zane-zane, tarihi da ilimin harshe. Tsawon shekaru 9 ana karatun Mayans daga yanayin ilimin ɗan adam na zahiri.
A kowane ɗayan bangarorin kimiyya, an gudanar da bincike na musamman ko na haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu membobin Cibiyar guda ɗaya, Cibiyar Nazarin ilimin ƙira ko wasu hukumomi, duka daga Jami'ar ƙasa da sauran cibiyoyi. A yanzu haka maaikatan sun kunshi masu bincike 16, da masu ilmin kimiyya 4, da sakatarori 3 da kuma mataimakin kwata.
Ya kamata a lura cewa kodayake aikinsu bai dogara kai tsaye ga Jami'ar ba, ana wakiltar zuriyar Mayan a cikin Cibiyar, tare da Yucatecan Jorge Cocom Pech.
Ina so musamman in tuna wa) annan abokan aikin da suka riga mu gidan gaskiya kuma suka bar mana kaunarsu da iliminsu: masaniyar harshe María Cristina Alvarez, wacce muke bin ta Kamus na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Yucatecan Maya, a tsakanin sauran ayyukan, da masanin halayyar dan Adam María Montoliu, wanda ya rubuta Lokacin gumakan sun farka: dabarun sararin samaniya na tsoffin Mayan.
Tunanin Alberto Ruz mai fa'ida ya kasance ta hanyar Mercedes de la Garza, wanda a cikin shekaru 13 na aikinta ya inganta buga juzu'i 8 na Nazarin Al'adun Mayan, littattafan rubutu 10 da wallafe-wallafe na musamman 15. Ina so in nanata cewa tun daga farkonta, baƙi ne suka ba da gudummawarsu a cikin mujallarmu; Koyaya, Mercedes de la Garza shine ke kula da ƙarfafa masu binciken su ɗauki jaridar kamar nasu kuma suyi aiki tare da ita koyaushe. Da wannan aka samu daidaituwa tsakanin masu haɗin gwiwa na ciki da waje, na ƙasa ko na waje. Mercedes de la Garza ta bai wa Mayistas ta Meziko taga duniya ga duniya.
Ya kamata a lura cewa Mercedes de la Garza bashi ne da kirkirar Jerin Maɓuɓɓuka don Nazarin Al'adun Mayan wanda ya bayyana ba tare da tsangwama ba tun lokacin da aka fara shi a shekarar 1983. Zuwa yau kundin kundin 12, wanda ke da nasaba da wannan shi ne ƙirƙirar shirin aservo tare da kwafin fayiloli daga ɗakunan tarihi na ƙasa da na ƙasashe daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance tushen mahimman bincike.
Kodayake lambobin za su iya faɗi kaɗan game da gudummawar ilimi, idan muka ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu yawa na Ayyukan Shari'a, mun tattara ayyuka 72 a ƙarƙashin Cibiyar Nazarin Mayan.
Tafiyar shekaru 26 da ta ci nasara ta samu kwarin gwiwa da saukakawa ta hanyar daraktoci uku na Cibiyar: Likitoci Rubén Bonifaz Nuño, Elizabeth Luna da Fernando Curiel, waɗanda muke jin daɗinsu bisa goyan bayansu.
A yau, a fagen epigraphy, ana kammala bincike kan Toniná kuma aikin ƙirƙirar glyphoteca wanda ke haɗakar da kayayyakin more rayuwa don gudanar da bincike a fagen ƙaddamar da rubutun Mayan yana ci gaba. Ana yin amfani da ilimin harshe tare da karatu a kan yaren Tojolabal da ilimin azuzuwan a cikin yaren Chol.
A ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, shekaru da yawa an yi rami a cikin garin Las Margaritas, Chiapas; Littafin da ya ƙare wani ɓangare na waɗannan karatun za a buga ba da daɗewa ba.
A fagen tarihi, masu bincike da yawa suna sadaukar da kai don tsara alamomin Mayan dangane da tarihin kwatancen addinai. Har ila yau, a cikin wannan koyarwar, ana ƙoƙari don sake sake gina dokar Mayan ta farko ta Hispaniya a lokacin tuntuɓar, ana yin aiki a kan gwamnatocin 'yan asalin ƙasar a tsaunukan Chiapas a zamanin mulkin mallaka, game da aiwatar da umarnin sojojin haya a yankin. da kuma sake gina abubuwan da suka gabata na Itzáes a zamaninsu na Zamaniyya da mulkin mallaka.
A halin yanzu, Cibiyar tana da motsa rai ta hanyar zurfin ruhun hadewar kwadago wanda ke motsawa kuma ya wadatar da neman amsoshi game da mutanen da ke hankoron sake fasalin hotonta daga wata kungiya ta gargajiya zuwa wata mahaukaciya tare da ikon samun matsayi a cikin al'umma da tarihin kasa.
Ana Luisa Izquierdo Babbar Jagora ce a Tarihi wacce ta kammala karatun ta a jami'ar UNAM. Mai bincike kuma mai kula da Cibiyar Nazarin Mayan a UNAM.
Source: Mexico a Lokaci Na 17. 1996.
