Wannan gidan zuhudu shine kwaleji na farko don mishaneri a Amurka
"Ku fita zuwa cikin duniya da tocila a hannayenku, kuma ku sanar da cewa Zamanin soyayya, farin ciki da kwanciyar hankali na nan tafe." Waɗannan kalmomi ne waɗanda Paparoma Innocent III ya yi magana da su na Francis na Assisi don ya ba da kansa damar ci gaba da aikinsa na bishara a duk duniya. Bayan lokaci, umarnin Franciscan ya bar alamarsa a wurare da yawa, kamar gidan zuhudu na Holy Cross, wanda yake a cikin garin Querétaro.
Kafin masu bisharar su iso Querétaro, Chichimecas ne ke zaune a wannan yankin na ƙasar. Tsarin wahala na mulkin mallaka ya haifar da gwagwarmaya don kare ƙasa da al'adu, kuma ya ƙare da sanyin safiyar 25 ga Yuli, 1531, a kan tsaunin El Sangremal. A ƙarshen yakin, inda Mutanen Spain suka yi nasara, an kafa ƙaramin ɗakin sujada wanda aka keɓe ga Holy Cross of the Conquest.
A wannan wurin, a cikin 1609, aka fara ginin gidan zuhudu da muka sani a yau. An kammala ayyukan a 1683, lokacin da Fray Antonio Linaz de Jesús María, wanda aka haifa a Mallorca, Spain, ya kafa kwaleji ta farko don mishaneri a Amurka.
Uba Linaz ya sami bijimin - hatimin jagora na takardun faɗi - wanda Paparoma Innocent XI ya ba shi don ƙirƙirar sabuwar makarantar koleji; Ta haka ne ya fara aikin da ya jagoranta tsawon shekaru talatin, har zuwa mutuwarsa, wanda ya faru a Madrid a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 1693. A cikin ƙarni biyu masu zuwa shahararrun mishaneri, masu bincike, masu fassara da masu wayewa daga manyan yankuna, kamar Texas, an horar da su a cikin aji. , Arizona da Amurka ta Tsakiya.
Gine-ginen gine-ginen gidan zuhudu na Santa Cruz ya nuna mahimmancin da yake da shi a tarihin Queretaro, a fagen addini, farar hula da siyasa.
A gefe guda, ta hanyar lokaci, wannan sarari ya zama ƙasa mai dausayi don noman imani, al'ada da ilimi; a daya bangaren, gidan zuhudu yana da alaƙa da mahimman shafuka na tarihin ƙasa.
A cikin 1810, Don Miguel Domínguez, magajin garin, an tsare shi a cikin ɗaki na gidan zuhudu na Santa Cruz.
A cikin 1867, Maximilian na Habsburg ya ɗauki gidan zuhudu a matsayin hedkwatar sa, kuma a can ya zauna na tsawon watanni biyu. Sarkin ba zai iya tsayayya da turawar masu sassaucin ra'ayi da Mariano Escobedo, Ramón Corona da Porfirio Díaz suka jagoranta ba, kuma ya mika wuya a ranar 15 ga Mayu, to, an sanya gidan zuhudu a matsayin kurkuku na kwana biyu.
Tsakanin 1867 da 1946, ginin ya yi aiki a matsayin bariki. Wadannan shekaru saba'in sun lalata gine-ginenta, sun fi son ganimar kayan daki, zane-zane da zane-zane, har ma da laburaren sun ɓace.
TAMBAYOYI DA KWANA NA LA SANTA CRUZ
A watan Disamba 1796, an fara gina magudanar Querétaro. Don cimma wannan, Don Juan Antonio de Urrutia Arana, gwanin umarnin Alcántara da Marquis na Villa del Villar del Águila, sun ba da gudummawar kashi 66.5 na kuɗin. Ragowar kashi 33 cikin ɗari ne suka tattara, “talakawa da attajirai, tare da wani mai taimako daga Colegio de la Santa Cruz, ta’aziyyar da aka yi wa aikin” da kuma kuɗi daga birnin. Chichimeca da Otomi hannayensu sun sadaukar da kansu don gina sanannen aikin, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1738.
Ruwan magudanar yana da tsawon 8,932 m, wanda 4,180 na karkashin kasa. Matsayinsa mafi tsayi shine 23 m kuma yana da baka guda 74, na ƙarshe wanda ya haifar da farfajiyar gidan zuhudun. A yau zamu iya gani, a cikin wannan farfajiyar, hasken rana kowannensu ya karkata ga yin aiki a cikin yanayi daban-daban na shekara.
An gina ganuwar gidan zuhudu da duwatsu da aka liƙa tare da lemun tsami da ruwan maguey.
KRISTI MAI TAKAICI
Maido da gidan zuhudun, wanda aka gudanar a decadesan shekarun da suka gabata, ya ba da damar ganowa, a cikin 1968, zanen bango da aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin wani hayaƙi.
Wani zane-zane wanda ba a san sunansa ba ya zana fresco a cikin ƙarni na 18, kuma yana nuna hoton Kristi tare da birnin Urushalima. Tana cikin wani daki da ake kira "sel na Kristi" kuma tana da kananan alamomi wadanda suka zama raunin harbi, watakila sojoji masu maye ne suka haifar da shi yayin gwada burinsu tare da aikin a matsayin abin da ake so.
BISHIYAR giciye
A cikin lambun gidan zuhudu akwai wata bishiyar ban mamaki, wacce shahararta ta mamaye duniyar kimiyya: itacen gicciye.
Ba ya samar da furanni ko 'ya'yan itatuwa, yana da ƙananan ganye da jerin ƙaya mai siffar giciye. Kowane gicciye, bi da bi, yana gabatar da ƙananan ƙaya uku waɗanda suke kwaikwayon ƙusoshin gicciyen.
Wani labari ya fada cewa mishan Antonio de Margil de Jesús ya kafa sandar sa a cikin lambun kuma, da shigewar lokaci, ya dawo ya zama itacen da a yau ake iya ganinsa samammen samfurin yanayi.
Characteristicaya daga cikin halayyar ita ce, lambunan gidan ibada suna da alamun kwafi da yawa na bishiyar gicciye; amma duk da haka shi ne wanda asalinsa ya tsiro da kansa. Masana kimiyya waɗanda suka lura da itacen sun rarraba shi a cikin iyalin mimosas.
Wannan abin tunawa da gine-ginen, ban da zama dole ga masu yawon bude ido, yana ba da darasi mai daɗi game da rayuwar zuhudu da tarihin Queretaro.
IDAN KA JE SANTA MUTANE SANTA
Daga Tarayyar Tarayya, ɗauki babbar hanya ba. 57 zuwa Querétaro. Kuma a cikin Querétaro je Cibiyar Tarihi na garin. A titunan Independencia da Felipe Luna suna tsaye a gidan zuhudun na Santa Cruz.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 235 / Satumba 1996
