"Kasani cewa a hannun dama na Indies akwai wani tsibiri da ake kira California mai kusanci da Aljanna ta Duniya." Sergas na Esplandián (Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo)
Cortés ya rubuta a cikin wasikarsa ta Hudu game da Dangantaka game da tafiyar da daya daga cikin kaftin dinsa ya yi zuwa yankin Colima: “… kuma kamar yadda ya kawo min dangantakar sarakunan lardin Ciguatán, wanda ake da'awar cewa yana da tsibiri wanda yawan mutane ke ciki mata, ba tare da wani namiji ba, kuma a wasu lokuta suna zuwa daga yankin maza ... kuma idan sun haihu mata suna kiyaye su kuma idan maza suka watsar da su daga ƙungiyar su ... wannan tsibirin yana da kwanaki goma daga wannan lardin ... ku gaya mani kamar haka, nasara, tana da matukar lu'ulu'u da zinariya ". (Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Tarihin mamayar New Spain, ed. Porrúa, Mexico, 1992.)
Ba shi da wuya a yi tunanin, sanin halayyar mata - duk da cewa na Amazons da aka ambata a baya ya wuce abin da za a iya cewa game da masaniya game da shi-, cewa a cikin rukunin yanar gizon da matan almara suka zaba akwai wannan wuri mai nisa, tare da teku, wanda lu'ulu'u yake da yawa a ciki, tunda Amazons -idan sun wanzu- babu shakka za su yi farin ciki da yin ado da kayan masarufi na ɗayan mafi kyaun kyallen kyallen ruwan teku, wanda ke cike da hikima a ciki, watakila domin rama muguntarsa ta waje, tare da ɗayan kyawawan kyautuka: lu'lu'u. Babu shakka waɗannan "mayaƙan" zasu cakuda wuyansu da hannayensu da zaren da zaren waɗannan, suna haɗe da zare na magueys waɗanda zasu yawaita a cikin "gurguzu" na tatsuniya iri ɗaya, wanda a ƙarshe zai haifar da kyakkyawar gaskiya amma ba Amazons ke zaune ba.
Hernán Cortés, wanda ya riga ya cika rabin karni, kuma da wasu ƙananan cututtukan nasa, kodayake mai yiwuwa ne ya haifar da hakan ta rayuwarsa mai haɗari, tare da yatsun hannu biyu na hannun hagu naƙasasshe kuma hannuwansa suka karye da mummunan faɗuwar dokin, da kuma wani a kafa daya saboda faduwa daga bango a kasar Cuba, kuma daga abin da bai warke ba da zarar hakurinsa ya so, ya bar wata yar karamar gurguwa - sakamakon da za a iya tabbatar da shi lokacin da aka gano gawarsa a cikin shekaru arba'in na karnin da ya gabata Cocin Asibitin de Jesús-, wataƙila ya yi shakkar wannan almara mai ban sha'awa, amma tabbas ya nuna sha'awarsa don inganta binciken ƙasashen da suka yi wanka a wancan lokacin da ake kira Tekun Kudancin, wanda ya wuce ƙasashen da ya ci da yaƙi, da wannan dalilin ba da daɗewa ba ya fara kera jiragen ruwa a gabar Tehuantepec.
A shekara ta 1527 wani karamin jirgin ruwa da Cortés ya tallafawa kuma suka sanya shi a karkashin umarnin Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón suka bar farfajiyar jirgin da aka gyara suka shiga wannan babban tekun, a wannan zamanin namu Sunan Tekun Fasifik dan karin gishiri- kuma wanda, kamar yadda aka sani, ya isa Bayan wani lokaci zuwa tsibirin Spice ko Moluccas, a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A zahiri, Cortés bai yi niyyar faɗaɗa yaƙe-yaƙen sa zuwa ƙasashen Asiya da ba a sani ba da nesa, har ma da ƙasa da haɗuwa da Amazons ɗin da aka ambata; muradinsa shi ne ya san gabar Bahar Maliya, kamar yadda aka faɗa, kuma ya tabbatar, kamar yadda wasu aladun gargajiya suka nuna, idan akwai tsibirai masu tarin dukiya kusa da nahiyar.
Hakan kuma ya faru ne cewa wani jirgin ruwa mallakar Cortés, kuma mai kula da Fortún -u Ortuño- Jiménez, wanda kuma ma'aikatansa suka yanke jiki, bayan sun shirya tare da wasu "Biscayans ... suka tashi suka tafi wani tsibiri da ya kira Santa Cruz, inda suka ce cewa akwai lu'ulu'u kuma tuni Indiyawan suka mamaye shi kamar masu lalata ", Bernal Díaz ya rubuta a cikin aikin da aka ambata - wanda, kodayake ba ya nan, babu makawa a cikin komai - kuma bayan manyan yaƙe-yaƙe sun dawo tashar Jalisco:" kuma bayan yaƙin da ya haifar an sami asarar rayuka masu yawa a tashar Jalisco… sun tabbatar da cewa ƙasar tana da kyau kuma tana da yawan jama'a kuma tana da lu'ulu'u ". Nuño de Guzmán ya lura da wannan gaskiyar, "kuma don sanin ko akwai lu'ulu'u, kyaftin ɗin da sojojin da ya aiko suna shirye su dawo saboda ba su sami lu'uniyar ba ko wani abu." (Lura: Bernal Díaz ya tsallake wannan a cikin asalin sa.)
Mas Cortés - Bernal ya ci gaba -, wanda aka girka a cikin bukka a Tehuantepec kuma "wanda ya kasance mutum mai zuciyar", kuma yana sane da gano Fortún Jiménez da masu ra'ayin sa, ya yanke shawarar zuwa da kansa zuwa "Tsibirin Lu'u-lu'u" don dubawa labarin da Diego Becerra ya kawo tare da mutane bakwai da suka tsira daga balaguron da aka aika a baya, kuma suka kafa mulkin mallaka a can, tare da masu ba da izini da sojoji tare da jiragen ruwa uku: San Lázaro, Santa Águeda da San Nicolás, daga tashar jirgin Tehuantepec. Sojojin sun ƙunshi kimanin maza ɗari uku da ashirin, ciki har da ashirin tare da matansu mata, waɗanda - ko da yake wannan hasashe ne kawai - sun ji wani abu game da Amazons.
Bayan 'yan makonnin hawa-ga Cortés da wasu adadi na maza za su hau kan dawakai-, daga baya su hau Chametla, a bakin tekun Sinaloa, sun isa wani wuri da suka kira Santa Cruz, tun da 3 ga Mayu (ranar hakan hutu) na! shekara 1535. Sabili da haka, a cewar Bernal: "sun gudu zuwa cikin California, wanda yake shi ne bay." Marubucin labarin mai dadi bai sake ambaton matan ba, watakila saboda su, watakila sun gaji, sun kasance a wani wuri a bakin teku mai ban sha'awa suna jiran mazajensu wadanda zasu iya isowa da lu'lu'u a cikin gidajensu domin yi musu ta'aziyar rashin su. Amma ba duk abin da ke da sauƙi ba: a wani lokaci Cortés dole ne ya je bakin teku kuma, a cewar De Gómara: "ya saya a San Miguel ... wanda ya faɗi a ɓangaren Culhuacán, yawancin soda da hatsi ... da aladu, kwallaye da tumaki ..." ( Francisco de Gómara, Babban Tarihin Indiyawan, juz'i na 11, ed. Lberia, Barcelona, 1966.)
A can ya ce yayin da Cortés ya ci gaba da gano wurare masu ban mamaki da kuma shimfidar wurare, daga cikinsu akwai manyan duwatsu waɗanda, suka kafa baka, suka buɗe ƙofar buɗe teku: “… akwai babban dutse a yamma wanda, daga ƙasar, yana ci gaba ta hanyar kyakkyawa shimfidar teku ... abu mafi mahimmanci game da wannan dutsen shi ne cewa an huda wani sashi na shi ... a samansa sai ya samar da baka ko vault ... yana kama da gadar kogi saboda shi ma yana ba da ruwa ", mai yiyuwa ne a ce baka bayar da shawarar sunan "California" ga Cortés: "mutanen Latin suna kiran irin wannan vault ko arch fornix" (Miguel del Barco, Tarihin Halitta da tarihin tsohuwar California), "kuma zuwa ga ƙananan rairayin bakin teku ko kwalliya" wanda ke kawance da baka ko "vault", wataƙila Cortés, wanda watakila zai so ya yi amfani da yaren Latin da ya koya a Salamanca lokaci zuwa lokaci, ya kira wannan kyakkyawan wuri: "Cala Fornix" - ko kuma "kwarjin baka" -, ya mai da matuƙan jirginsa zuwa "California" , yana tuna karatun samartaka na samartaka, wanda ya shahara a lokacin, ake kira "mahaya"
Hadisai kuma sun danganta cewa mai nasara ya kira teku, wanda zai sami sunansa nan ba da daɗewa ba, da kuma nuna ƙwarewarta - wanda babu makawa tana da ita - Tekun Bermejo: wannan saboda launi ne, wanda a wasu faɗuwar rana teku ke ɗaukewa, yana samun tabarau tsakanin zinariya da ja: a waɗancan lokutan ba babban ruwa mai zurfin shuɗi ba ne ko kodadde wanda hasken rana ke bashi. Ba zato ba tsammani ya zama teku ta zinariya tare da ɗan taɓa tagulla, daidai da kyakkyawan sunan da mai nasara ya ba shi.
Mas Cortés yana da wasu manyan buƙatu: ɗayansu, watakila mafi mahimmanci, ban da gano ƙasa da tekuna, zai zama kamun kifin kuma ya bar Tekun Kudancin don tafiya a gefen ƙetaren tekun, ko kuma maƙwabcin da ke kusa, wanda Zai ba shi sunansa-don maye gurbinsa ƙarnuka da yawa ta Tekun Kalifoniya- domin ya sadaukar da kansa ga wannan aikin, a bakin Santa Cruz, kuma ya sami babban rabo a cikin kamfanin. Bugu da kari, ya yi tafiya a cikin manyan shimfidar wurare - inda ba kasafai ake ruwan sama ba-, wanda ya hada da cacti da oases na dabinai da tabarma tare da ciyayi mai daɗi, a kan bangon manyan duwatsu, daban da abin da ya gani. Mai nasara ba zai taɓa mantawa da aikinsa na biyu ba, wanda zai ba da filaye ga sarkinsa da rayukansa ga Allahnsa, kodayake ba a da masaniya game da ƙarshen a wancan lokacin, tun da yake ba su da damar samun ativesan ƙasar, kasancewar suna da ƙwarewar jin daɗi tare da masu balaguron -o nasara- baya.
A halin yanzu, Dona Juana de Zúñiga, a cikin fada a Cuernavaca, ta damu matuka saboda rashin mijinta tsawon lokaci. Don abin da ya rubuta masa, bisa ga Bernal wanda ba zai iya misaltawa ba: yana matukar so, tare da kalmomi da addu’o’i cewa ya koma jiharsa da marquise ”. Har ila yau doña Juana mai tsawon jimrewa ta tafi ga mai ba da agaji don Antonio de Mendoza, "mai daɗi da ƙauna" yana roƙon mijinta ya dawo. Bayan bin umarnin mataimakin shugaban da bukatun Dona Juana, Cortés ba shi da wani zabi sai dai ya dawo ya koma Acapulco a take. Daga baya, "ta isa Cuernavaca, inda tafiyar ta kasance, wanda da ita akwai annashuwa da yawa, kuma duk maƙwabta sun ji daɗin zuwanta", tabbas doña Juana za ta karɓi kyakkyawar kyauta daga Don Hernando, kuma babu abin da ya fi wasu lu'ulu'u da yawa fiye da masu juyawa zai cire daga kiran, a waccan lokacin, "Tsibirin Lu'u-lu'u" - wanda yake kwaikwayon na yankin Caribbean kuma, daga baya, Tsibirin Cerralvo-, wanda mai nasara ya buge, yana kallon watchingan ƙasar da sojojinsu suna jefa kansu cikin zurfin daga teku da fito da dukiyarta.
Amma abin da aka rubuta a sama shine sigar da ba za a iya aiki da ita ba Bernal Díaz. Akwai sauran bambance-bambancen bambance-bambancen ganowa na "ƙasashen da suka yi kama da yawa kuma suna da yawa amma suna da zurfin teku. Mutanen Ortuño Jiménez, balaguron da Cortés ya aika, sun ɗauka cewa babban tsibiri ne, mai yiwuwa mai arziki ne, tun da yake an san wasu abubuwan jin daɗin ƙanƙan lu'u-lu'u a gabar ta. Babu kuma membobin tafiyar da mai nasara ya aiko, watakila ma Hernán Cortés da kansa, da zai fahimci dimbin arzikin waɗannan tekuna, ba wai kawai a cikin lu'ulu'u da aka daɗe ana jira ba, amma a cikin nau'ikan ruwa mai yawa. Tafiyarsa zuwa ga abubuwan da aka ambata a baya, kasancewar ya kasance a cikin watan Mayu, ya rasa babban abin kallo game da isowa da tashin masunta. Koyaya, ƙasashen da Cortés ya ci nasara, kamar na Cid ɗin, suna 'faɗaɗa' a gaban dokinsa da gaban jiragensa.
