Bambancin kabilu na yankunan Oaxacan ya ba wa'azin bisharar wata halayya dabam da ta yi a sauran sassan New Spain; kodayake a dunkule an bi ka'idoji iri ɗaya game da hanyar shigar da indan asalin cikin al'adun Yammacin Turai.
Bambancin kabilu na yankunan Oaxacan ya ba wa'azin bisharar wata halayya dabam da ta yi a sauran sassan New Spain; kodayake a dunkule an bi ka'idoji iri ɗaya game da hanyar shigar da indan asalin cikin al'adun Yammacin Turai.
Agroso modo, ana iya cewa a Oaxaca cocin mendicant ya taka mahimmin matsayi da mahimmin matsayi fiye da malaman addini. Tabbacin wannan su ne manyan majami'un da ke tsaye har yanzu; Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa 'yan Dominicans, daidai ne, ana ɗaukarsu "masu manta wayewar Oaxacan." Koyaya, mamayar da suka samu akan 'yan asalin ta fito, a lokuta da dama, cikin ayyukan tashin hankali.
Ana ambaton majami'u na Mixteca Alta saboda dalilai da yawa: Tamazulapan, Coixtlahuaca, Tejupan, Teposcolula, Yanhuitlán, Nochixtlán, Achiutla da Tlaxiaco, daga cikin mahimman abubuwa; a cikin tsakiyar kwari, ba tare da wata shakka ba, mafi kyawun ginin shine gidan zuhudu na Santo Domingo de Oaxaca (Uwar Gidan Lardin da Kwalejin Manyan Nazari), amma bai kamata mu manta da gidajen Etla, Huitzo, Cuilapan, Tlacochahuaya, Teitipac da Jalapa de Marqués (a zamanin yau sun ɓace), a tsakanin sauran abubuwa; kusan dukkansu akan hanyar zuwa Tehuantepec. A kowane ɗayan waɗannan gine-ginen muna iya ganin ƙungiyar gine-gine iri ɗaya, waɗanda '' masu ƙira '' suka ƙirƙira '' a lokacin ƙarni na 16: atrium, coci, bishiyoyi da gonaki. A cikin su, kayan ado da dandano na fasaha waɗanda Mutanen Espanya suka kawo sun kasance suna nunawa, tare da abubuwan tunawa da filastik daban-daban, musamman masu fasali, na zuriyar pre-Hispanic.
Baya ga irin wannan hadewar filastik din, yawan adadin wadannan masana'antun sun yi fice: atria mai fadi tana gab da majami'un, kasancewar Teposcolula daya daga cikin manya.
Budaddun wuraren bautar na iya zama "nau'in alkuki" -ya kasance a cikin Coixtlahuaca- ko kuma tare da naves da yawa kamar a cikin Teposcolula da Cuilapan. Daga majami'u, na Yanhuitlán, saboda dalilai da yawa, yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mahimmanci. Abin baƙin ciki kusan kusan dukkanin yankin Oaxacan yanki ne na girgizar ƙasa; A saboda wannan dalili, girgizar ƙasa ta ci gaba da lalata tsofaffin ɗakunan ajiya. Koyaya, ana iya ganin tsohuwar halayenta, kamar yadda yake a Etla ko Huitzo. Lambuna na yau da kullun sun kasance, ƙarni da yawa, girman kai na addinin Dominican, wanda ya sa tsire-tsire na ƙasar suka girma, kusa da bishiyoyi da kayan marmari daga Castile.
Koyaya, yana cikin majami'u inda har yanzu zaku iya jin daɗin wadatar trousseau wanda aka kawata su dashi: zanen bango, bagade, tebur da zanen mai, sassaka da gabobi, kayan ɗaki, maƙerin zinariya da sutturar addini suna nuna wadata da karimci na waɗanda suka biya kuɗaɗen (daidaikun mutane da indan asali na asali).
Majami'un sun kasance abubuwan da aka samo asali ne daga wayewar Yammacin Turai: tare da koyarwar addinin Katolika, sabuwar fasaha ta bayyana don mafi kyau da sauƙin amfani da duniya.
Shuke-shuke da suka zo daga nesa (alkama, rake, kofi, bishiyoyi masu 'ya'yan itace) sun gyara yanayin Oaxacan iri-iri; canjin da ya karfafa fauna -maji da ƙananan - masu zuwa daga ƙetaren teku (shanu, awaki, dawakai, aladu, tsuntsaye da dabbobin gida). Kuma gabatarwar noman silikin bai kamata a manta da shi ba, wanda tare da yin amfani da jan alharini ya zama arzikin, fiye da ƙarni uku, na tattalin arziƙin yankuna daban-daban na Oaxaca.
A cikin majami'u kuma, ta yin amfani da wasu abubuwa marasa amfani (misali, kiɗa, fasaha da rawa), friars ɗin sun koya wa mazaunan asalin al'adun ruhaniya na wata alama ta daban da wacce suke da ita kafin isowar masu nasara; a lokaci guda, koyon fasahar kere kere ya samar da hoton asalin Oaxacan.
Amma ba zai zama rashin adalci ba idan aka nuna cewa friars ɗin sun kuma iya koyon harsunan asali na asali, ban da Zapotec da Mixtec; Kamus, koyaswa, nahawu, sadaukai, wa’azozi, da sauran zane-zane a cikin harsunan yare, waɗanda shugabannin Dominican suka rubuta suna da yawa. Sunayen Fray Gonzalo Lucero, Fray Jordán de Santa Catalina, Fray Juan de Córdoba da Fray Bernardino de Minaya, suna daga cikin mashahuran al'umma masu wa'azin da aka kafa a Oaxaca.
Yanzu, malaman addini ma sun bayyana a ƙasashen Oaxacan tun daga farkon kwanan wata; kodayake da zarar an gina bishopric na Antequera, mai riƙe ta na biyu tsawon shekaru ashirin (1559-1579) ya kasance ɗan Dominican: Fray Bernardo de Alburquerque. Da lokaci ya wuce, Masarautar ta yanke shawara musamman cewa bishof ɗin mutane ne. A cikin karni na 17, mashahuran malamai kamar Don Isidoro Sariñana da Cuenca (Mexico, 1631-Oaxaca, 1696), canon na Cathedral na Mexico, wanda ya isa Oaxaca a 1683, ya mallaki miter.
Idan majami'un suna wakiltar kasancewar manyan malamai a yankuna daban-daban na mahaɗan, a cikin wasu majami'u da kuma majami'u - waɗanda ɓangaren gine-ginensu ya bambanta - tabbas ana ganin alamun malaman addini. Tunda babban magini Alonso García Bravo ya tsara garin Antequera, babban cocin Oaxaca ya mamaye ɗayan manyan wuraren da ke kewaye da filin; An zana ginin da zai gina bishiyar bishiyar a cikin karni na 16, yana bin ƙirar babban coci na ɗakuna uku tare da tagwayen hasumiyoyi.
Tare da wucewar lokaci kuma saboda girgizar kasar da ta lalata su, an sake gina ta a farkon karni na 18, ta zama mafi mahimmin gini na addini a cikin gari, musamman daga mahangar gudanarwa; Girman allon fuskarsa a cikin ƙaramin dutse shine ɗayan misalai na Oaxacan Baroque. Ba da nisa da shi ba - kuma ta wata hanyar gasa tare da ita - tsaya gidan zuhudu na Santo Domingo da Wuri Mai Tsarki na Nuestra Señora de la Soledad. Na farkonsu, tare da Chapel na Rosary, babban misali ne na aikin filastar wanda ya sami dukiya mai yawa a Puebla da Oaxaca; a cikin wannan haikalin zane-zane da tiyoloji suna tafiya tare, suna canzawa zuwa waƙar yabo ta yau da kullun don ɗaukakar Allah da tsari na Dominican. Kuma a kan babban façade-allon na La Soledad akwai kuma wani shafi na tiyoloji da tarihi wanda hotunan su ke karɓar addu'o'in farko na masu aminci, kafin su durƙusa a gaban matar mai wahala.
Wasu temples da ɗakunan bauta da yawa suna tsara hoton biranen Oaxaca da kewaye; wasu suna da ladabi, misali Santa Marta del Marquesado; wasu, tare da dukiyarta marasa adadi, suna ba da shaidar dukiyar Antequera: San Felipe Neri, cike da alfarwar bagade na zinariya, San Agustín tare da kusan facigree façade; wasu kuma suna tsokanar umarnin addini daban-daban: Mercedarians, Jesuits, Carmelites, ba tare da manta rassa daban-daban na addini ba, wadanda ake jin kasantuwarsu a manyan masana'antu kamar tsohuwar gidan zuhudu na Santa Catarina ko gidan zuhudu na La Soledad. Kuma har yanzu, saboda sunansa da gwargwadonsa, ƙungiyar ta Los Siete Príncipes (a halin yanzu Casa de la Cultura) suna ba mu haske, da kuma majami'un San Francisco, Carmen Alto da cocin Las Nieves.
Tasirin fasahar wadannan abubuwan tarihi ya wuce kwari kuma ana iya yaba su sosai a yankuna masu nisa kamar su Sierra de Ixtlán. Cocin Santo Tomás, a cikin gari na ƙarshe, tabbas masu sana'a daga Antequera sun gina shi kuma sun yi masa ado. Hakanan za'a iya fada game da haikalin Calpulalpan inda ba a san abin da za a yaba ba, idan gine-ginensa ko bagade cike da hotunan zinariya.
