Ya zuwa 1991, Cibiyar Nazarin Anthropology da Tarihi ta Kasa da Cibiyar Nazarin Astrophysics, Optics da Electronics (INAOE), ta hanyar Babban dakin karatu na Anthropology da Tarihi da Dorewar Imageungiyar Hotuna, bi da bi, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa don aiwatar da cikakken aikin adana hoto.
Ofayan manyan ayyukan wannan aikin ya ƙunshi samar da ingantattun hotuna masu kyau daga tarin kodin ɗin da Laburaren ke ajiye.
Wannan aikin yana da manufa biyu: a wani bangare, don tallafawa adana codices ta hanyar daukar hoto, tunda daya daga cikin manyan bukatun neman wadannan kayan shine na daukar hoto don nazari da bugawa, a daya kuma, don samar da hotunan babban ƙuduri don sanya su a lambobi daga baya kuma a ɗauke su zuwa tef mai maganadisu wanda zai ba da damar samun damar tuntuɓarku, a cikin bankin hoto na lantarki, tare da matakan hulɗa daban-daban, inda mai binciken zai iya sarrafa su kyauta.
Don saduwa da manufofin da aka ambata, an kafa ƙungiyar masu ba da horo wanda ya ba da damar kulawa da duk fannonin kimiyya da ke cikin aikin, ta hanyoyi daban-daban na binciken da ake amfani da su. Hakanan, kayan aikin, hotunan emulsions da tsarin hasken wuta sun kasance masu halaye, wanda ya haifar da ƙirar tsarin sake fasalin da zai iya samar da launi da faranti masu launin fari da fari, a cikin ƙuduri mai girma tare da ingancin matakan facsimile. . Wannan tsarin ya kunshi kayan aikin gani wanda ya kunshi kyamara mara kyau, a cikin tsari na 4 × 5,, tare da ruwan tabarau na apochromatic (ma'ana, an gyara ruwan tabarau ta yadda zango na launuka uku na farko ya zama iri daya jirgin sama mai mai da hankali) da kuma tallafi wanda yake bawa kyamara damar zama akan wani xy axis don motsawa ta hanya mai daidaituwa da daidaito zuwa jirgin daftarin aiki da za'a dauka.
Daidaitawar kamara da bayan tabarau dangane da jirgin lambobin yana da mahimmancin gaske, tare da adana abubuwan daidaito da sikeli mai kama da juna a cikin hotunan. Wannan ya kamata ayi ta wannan hanyar, tunda hotunan hoto na wasu codices, kasancewar babban tsari, ana yin su ne ta bangarori, don samun mafi girman ƙuduri.
Ka'idodin sun kasance takardu masu darajar darajar tarihi waɗanda ke buƙatar tsauraran matakan kiyayewa, waɗanda aka tsara ma'aunin hasken wuta don taimakawa ci gaba da ɗorewar kayan ƙirar abubuwan da aka faɗi.
An hana amfani da wutar lantarki mai kama da walƙiya saboda wadatar da yake cikin hayaƙin ultraviolet, kuma an zaɓi zaɓin don hasken tungsten na 3 400 ° K. An saita saitin fitilun hoto huɗu-250 watt huɗu tare da matattarar gilashin daskarewa mai sanyi da kuma Matattarar rarar Acetate masu hada kai don kula da tsarin haskakawa. Hakanan an sanya matattarar mai-bincikar bayani a cikin ruwan tabarau ta kyamara ta yadda alkukin hasken da ke fitowa daga fitilun kuma ya bayyana ta daftarin aiki an "sake juyar da su" ta hanyar matattarar binciken, don haka ne kofar su zuwa kyamara ta kasance tana da Adireshin daidai yake da wanda suke da shi lokacin da aka basu. Ta wannan hanyar ya kasance mai yiwuwa ne a sarrafa tunani da laushi, tare da haɓaka bambancin da ke tare da kamanceceniya, yaɗuwa da hasken abokantaka don daftarin aiki; ma'ana, 680 lux, 320 ƙasa da 1,000 lux da aka ba da izinin ɗaukar kayan adon kayan gargajiya.
Amsar dinditometric na nau'ikan emulsion guda huɗu don ɗaukar hoto an fasalta shi: Ektachrome 64 nau'in T fim don nunin faifai tare da layuka 50 zuwa 125 / ƙudurin mm; Vericolor II nau'in L don ƙananan launi tare da layin 10 zuwa 80 / ƙudurin mm; T-max don korau na layuka 63 zuwa 200 / ƙudurin mm, da fim mai saurin baƙar fata da fari tare da ƙudurin 32 zuwa layi 80 / mm.
Hotunan da aka samo daga gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a farkon aikin an sanya su a cikin INAOE microdensitometer. Wadannan ayyukan sun kasance wani bangare na matakin matukin jirgi na biyu. Wadanda aka samo akan fim na nuna gaskiya na 64 T an sanya su a baki da fari tare da ƙudurin microns 50 a kowane maki, wanda ya isa dawo da hoto da wasu abubuwa masu hoto waɗanda ba za a iya sake ganinsu da ido a cikin asali ba. Tare da wannan ƙudurin kuma an ba shi yankin digitization, kowane ɗayan allon yana ɗaukar nauyin 8 MB na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Waɗannan hotunan an yi rikodin su, a ƙa'ida, a kan diski mai wuya na kwamfutar da aka haɗa da tsarin microdensitometry; daga baya, ana fitar dasu (ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa) zuwa tashar watsa labarai ta SUN don turawa, sannan kuma a sarrafa su a cikin tashar Iraf, wanda shine mai sarrafa bayanai don nazarin hotunan taurari.
Ana sarrafa hotunan a cikin launuka masu kyau da marasa kyau, kuma ta wannan hanya ake bincika su don lura da bambance-bambance da bayanin ke gabatarwa bisa haɗuwa da launuka na ƙarya. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman sakamako shine cewa binciken kundin, dangane da hotuna masu launi iri-iri, ba wai kawai zai bamu damar ganin bayanai da haske sosai fiye da baki da fari ba, har ma yana biyan diyyar wasu ɓarnar da takardu suka sha - saboda wucewar lokaci. lokaci-da sauran kaddarorin ko fannoni na daftarin aiki, kamar su laushi, zare, abrasions, impregnation detachments, da dai sauransu.
Wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ta ƙunshi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, masana tarihi, maidowa, masu ɗaukar hoto, masana kimiyya, injiniyoyin lantarki, injiniyoyi da masu binciken dakunan gwaje-gwaje, dukkansu na cibiyoyi biyu na ƙasa, sun halarci aikin, wanda ta hanyar yarjejeniyar sun sami nasarar haɗakar da ilimin su da gogewa don adana kayan tarihin Mexico.
Zuwa yau, an tsara lambobi goma sha uku na asali: Colombino, Boturini, Sigüenza, Tlatelolco, Azoyú II, Moctezuma, Mixteco Postcortesiano No.36, Tlaxcala, Nahuatzen, San Juan Huatla, Partial Plan of Mexico City, Lienzo de Sevina da Mapa by Mazaje Trado
Zaɓuɓɓukan binciken da hotunan dijital ke bayarwa suna da yawa. Maganar dawo da hotunan hotunan ana iya aiki dasu, misali, dawo da ƙimar sautin hoton a matakin pixel (hoton hoto), sannan kuma tare da sake gina ɓatattun bayanan da suka ɓata ko ɓacewa, matsakaita ƙimar sautin pixels. zuwa yankin da ake magana.
A halin yanzu, yin amfani da hotuna na dijital da / ko na lantarki a cikin tarin tarihi yana ba da damar samun dama ga tarin, kuma yana faɗaɗa damar aikin adanawa ta hanyar haɗa su a cikin tsarin atomatik na bayanai da bayanan kasida. Hakanan, tare da hotunan dijital, ana iya sake gina takardu ta hanyar sarrafa hoto mai dacewa, waɗanda masu bincike daga fannoni daban-daban suka tsara ta musamman.
Aƙarshe, hotunan dijital kayan aiki ne na ganin kwafin tarin, waɗanda za'a iya amfani dasu akan takaddun ajiyar takardu, don sa ido kan magungunan maido da jiki da kuma samun kwafin lantarki akan takarda don kayan tarihin da / ko edita; Hakanan, ganin kayan aiki kayan aiki ne don nuna yiwuwar lalacewar da takardu na iya wahala na tsawon lokaci.
Hakanan hotunan dijital kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi don nazari da takaddun abubuwan tarin zane; Koyaya, aiwatar da waɗannan matakan bai kamata ya zama lahani ga ayyukan kiyayewa waɗanda ke ba da tabbacin kiyaye waɗannan ɗimbin tarihin ba.
Source: Mexico a Lokaci Na 10 Disamba
