Da karfe 8:00 na daren ranar 17 ga Janairun 1967, wata gagarumar gobara da ta haifar da wani ɗan gajeren zagaye a cikin tsarkakewar Altar na Gafara ta lalata wasu ƙaunatattun ayyukanmu na ayyukan mulkin mallaka a cikin babban cocin Metropolitan:
Kyakkyawan bagadi tare da kyakkyawan zane mai mahimmanci na Nuestra Señora del Perdón ko de las Nieves, babban ɓangare na waƙoƙin mawaƙa, babban zane mai kyau da ke wakiltar Apocalypse na Saint John, aikin Juan Correa, wanda yake a bayan bayan bagade, da yanki mai kyau na jikin katako waɗanda ke riƙe da sarewa na gabobin abubuwan ban mamaki, suna barin alfarwar bagade, zane-zane da zane-zane na ɗakunan cocin Katolika da yawa an sha taba, ban da bangon Rafael Ximeno da Planes waɗanda suke cikin rumbun da dome
Kyakkyawan bagadi na Gafara, ko na Indulgence, kamar yadda Fray Diego de Durán ya kira shi a shekara ta 1570, babban misali ne na salon Baroque, wanda Sevillian Jerónimo de Balbás ya yi, wanda kuma shine ya gina Altar Sarakuna mai ban mamaki kuma ta ɓoye na farko na fir. . An kira shi "Gafara" saboda yana can daidai bayan babbar ƙofar Cathedral, wanda kuma ya sami wannan sunan saboda ta wurinsa masu tuba da Ofishin Mai Tsarki suka shiga don yin sulhu da Cocin.
Wani tsohon bagadi ya wanzu a kan wannan rukunin yanar gizon, wanda aka fara a watan Agusta 5, 1550, wanda aka keɓe don bautar Saint Bartholomew. A ƙarshen 1655, a zamanin Viceroy Francisco Fernández de Ia Cueva, Duke na Albuquerque, an kwance bagadin bagaden don gina sabon dome na Cathedral, kuma an gama aikin a watan Oktoba 1666. A wancan lokacin akwai 'yan uwantaka da ta kira kanta 'Yan'uwantakar' Uwargidanmu na Gafara, mai kula da kula da bagaden. Kowace shekara, wannan ƙungiyar ta 'yan uwantaka, a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, ranar Uwargidanmu ta Dusar ƙanƙara, ta gudanar da wani biki na addini a lokacin da aka nada sabon shugaban da shuwagabannin gudanarwa.
A cikin 1668, lokacin da aka sake sanya bagade, an saka zanen Uwargidanmu mai Dusar ƙanƙara a kan bagadin, wanda mutane suka kira shi Virgen deI Perdón, mai yiwuwa saboda yana kan bagaden mai wannan sunan. FIamenco Simón Pereyns ne ya zana shi a kan kuɗin masu aminci a cikin wannan shekarar, wataƙila ta buƙaci na musamman na brotheran uwantaka ko azabtarwar da Ofishin Mai Tsarki ya ɗora, saboda, an ce, zargin da bai dace ba da abokin aikinsa mai zanen ya yi. Francisco Morales.
Har zuwa tsakiyar wannan karnin, saboda tatsuniyoyi da yawa da aka sassaka a zanen - kamar yadda Luis González Obregón ya siffanta shi da kyau, a cikin babban littafinsa mai suna México Viejo-, akwai shakku sosai game da marubucin wannan kyakkyawan aikin, wanda ake dangantawa duka Pereyns (wanda aka ce ya zana shi a ƙofar ɗakinsa, yayin da yake fursuna a kurkukun Holy Inquisition), da Baltasar de Echave "El Viejo." Hakanan, masana tarihi Antonio Cortés da Francisco Fernández del Castillo sun yi amannar cewa Francisco Zúñiga ne ya yi shi, duk da cewa Manuel Toussaint, Francisco de la Maza da Abelardo Carrillo y Gariel, ba su da wannan tabbaci.
González Obregón ya tabbatar da cewa akwai “hadisai masu ban mamaki da yawa, tatsuniyoyi masu yawa da yawa, cewa ya zama dole a tsarkake gaskiya a cikin wuta, don ya haskaka kamar zinare mai tsabta a cikin abin da ake fasawa”. A watan Yulin 1965, Justino Fernández da Xavier Moisén, mashahuran masu sukar zane-zane, don kawar da shakkunsu, sun yi nazarin zanen, sun gano a ƙasan matakin sa hannun da ke cewa: "Ximon Perines / Pinxievit". Hakanan, ya bayyana cewa ba a fentin shi a kofa ba amma a kan zane wanda aka shirya sosai, a karshe ya tabbatar da matsayin aikin wannan aikin: flamenco Simón Pereyns, ya kawo karshen kyakkyawan labarin.
Lokacin da Jerónimo de Balbás ya fara gina Altar Sarakuna mai ban sha'awa kuma na farko kuma mafi kyawu daga itacen cypress a shekarar 1718, anyi tunanin cewa tsohon Altar na Gafara zai shagaltar da duka, don haka Balbás da kansa aka bashi izini na biyu. Altar deI Perdón, wanda aka gina gininsa tsakanin 1725 da 1732, ana keɓe shi a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1737.
Jiki na farko na wannan shimfiɗa mai ban sha'awa ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai guda huɗu, kuma asalinsa an yi shi da dutse. Jiki na biyu, mai siffar baka, a ƙarshensa mala'iku biyu ne suna riƙe da dabino. Dukkanin kawunan an kawata su da hotunan waliyai na malamai na addini, ba don umarnin addini ba na yau da kullun. A ɓangaren sama akwai royalan sarauta na ƙasar Spain, waɗanda suka yi fice sama da varas 8 a cikin iska, amma bayan ƙarewar Independence, a cikin 1822, an lalata su saboda ana ɗaukarsu alamun ƙyama.
Tare da isowa daga Turai daga salon Frenchized neoclassical a ƙarshen karni na 18, saboda tsananin himmarsa ta addini, cocin Don Francisco Ontiveros ya ba da umarnin yin wata babbar hargitsi ko haske na zinare tare da zane na Maryamu Maryamu a tsakiya don a ɗora a kan bagade, kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a kan zanen Uwargidanmu na Gafara, wanda a ƙarshensa wakilcin Triniti Mai Tsarki ne; Yayinda wannan ƙaramin fashewar ya lalata jituwa tsakanin bagadin, ba da daɗewa ba aka maye gurbinsa da kambi na zinariya wanda aka ɗora kan kerub.
Kafin wutar, a tsakiyar tsakiyar baka a cikin jiki na biyu, akwai zane-zane masu girman rai guda biyu da aka yi da sassaka da stewed itace da ke wakiltar Saint Stephen da Saint Lawrence; a tsakiyar su akwai babban zane na San Sebastián Mártir, mai yiwuwa Baltasar de Echave Orio ne ya yi shi, kodayake kuma an ce yana iya yiwuwa malamin nasa kuma surukinsa Francisco de Zumaya ne ya zana shi; an lullubeshi da tsohon gilashi wanda yake jujjuyawa wanda saboda tunaninsa bai bada damar yaba hoton yadda yakamata ba. A madadin waɗancan kyawawan ayyukkan, an sanya kyawawan sculan sassaƙa kyawawa guda uku tare da kyakkyawan ƙarewa a cikin sassakansu da stew ɗinsu, waɗanda aka adana na dogon lokaci a ɗakunan katolika. Abubuwan da aka zana a ƙarshen suna wakiltar tsarkaka biyu na Karmel waɗanda ba za a iya gano su ba, kuma an sanya tasirin Saint John the Evangelist a tsakiya.
A wurin girmamawa, asalin abin da aka zana ta zanen Uwargidanmu na Gafara ko na Ias Nieves tare da Yaron Yesu, tare da Saint Joaquin, Saint Anne da ƙananan mala'iku huɗu, an sanya wani zanen daga wannan lokacin, wanda duk da Idan karami ne, ba zai rage kyawu da inganci ba. Wannan aikin marubucin da ba a sani ba an kawo shi ne 'yan shekaru kafin wuta kuma daga Zinacantepec, Jihar Mexico, ta hannun Canon Octaviano VaIDés, sannan shugaban Kwamitin Archdiocesan na Alfarma Masu Alfarma. Labari ne game da wakilcin Sagrada FamiIia a lokacin hutu, lokacin da ya tashi zuwa Masar, wanda zai iya aiwatar da Francisco de Zumaya ko Baltazar de Echave Orio.
Jigon wannan aikin, wanda aka zana hoton da ya gabata, an yi shi ne da itace an rufe shi da farantin farantin karfe mai ƙyalli mai ƙyalli, a halin yanzu baƙi saboda rashin goge. Kamar yadda sabon zanen ya kasance karami, an kammala sararin da ya ɓace da kyallen mulufi mai laushi, daga baya aka sauya shi da zinaren ciki. Sanya wannan zanen an tsara shi ne ta hanyar mai zane, mai sassaka kuma mai dawo da Miguel Ángel Soto.
A ƙasa da Sagrada Familia an saka ƙaramin zanen mai akan farantin tagulla wanda yake wakiltar Fuskantar Allah, wanda ɗan Dominican Fray Alonso López de Herrera ya zana, wanda ya maye gurbin wani zane makamancin wannan, wanda ya ɗan fi girma, ta wani marubucin da ba a san sunansa ba.
Partasan ɓangaren bagaden, tare da ginshiƙai masu kauri biyu waɗanda suka kewaye shi, yana da hanyoyi da ƙananan ƙofofi waɗanda ke ba da damar zuwa tsattsarka, wurin da wutar da ba ta da kyau ta samo asali. Doorsofofin asali suna da kyawawan kayan kwalliyar da aka ɗaga, amma lokacin da aka maimaita bagaden, watakila saboda rashin ƙarancin kuɗi, an cire su don bin ƙirar ɓangaren ƙananan bagaden. Bayan wutar mai firgitarwa, ra'ayin da ya lalata ya kasance ya share babbar hanyar, ya kawar da bagadin Gafara, wanda za'a sake saka shi a cikin gidan sura; Za a sanya waƙoƙin mawaƙa da gabobin abubuwan ban mamaki a gefen bagaden wanda ya maye gurbin cypress ta mai zane De la Hidalga, don a sami damar yin godiya ga babban bagaden Sarakuna daga ƙofar. Abin farin ciki, ba a aiwatar da wannan shawarwarin ba, saboda ra'ayoyin Sashen Alamar Mulkin Mallaka na Cibiyar Nazarin Anthropology da Tarihi ta ,asa, wanda mai zanen gidan Sergio Zaldívar Guerra ya sanya hannu. Zuwa watan Yunin 1967, watanni biyar bayan gobarar, aikin maidowa ya fara, ta magini da sassaka Miguel Ángel Soto Rodríguez da goma daga cikin yaransa goma sha huɗu: Miguel Ángel, Edmundo, Helios, Leonardo, Alejandro da Cuauhtémoc, waɗanda suka yi sassaka katako tare da mahaifinsu, da María de los Ángeles, Rosalía, María Eugenia da Elvia, waɗanda aka keɓe ga stew, ƙyalli da kammala ƙarshe na fitaccen Altar Gafarar. Bayan shekaru bakwai a cikin watan Disamba na 1974, aikin ya ƙare.
A farkon 1994, firist Luis Ávila Blancas, kano na yanzu da kuma babban sacristan na Cathedral, da kuma darektan ɗakin zane-zane mai ban sha'awa na haikalin La Profesa, ya fahimci cewa siffofin gumakan Karmeliyawa da aka sanya a cikin baka A cikin tsakiyar, ba sa cikin ɓangaren bagaden kamar yadda yake na malamai na yau da kullun, don haka suka yanke shawarar sanyawa a wurinta, a gefen dama, wani babban zane mai banƙyama-mai yiwuwa wakilci ne na wasiƙu da kuma limaman addini na daban John Johnomomuceno- wanda ya kasance ɓangare na bagade na ɗakin sujada na Lady of Sorrows. A gefen hagu ya sanya sassaka ta Saint John mai bishara a matsayin saurayi, kuma a tsakiya, wani zane mai ban sha'awa na man a kan zane wanda aka ɗora a kan itace, ɗan ƙarami fiye da na baya, tare da wakilcin Maryamu Maryamu Magdalene, ta zamani ta John John Mai bishara, sanya wa Juan Correa. Bayan da manyan tawaga na masu kula da Cathedral suka gyara shi, aka girka shi a wurin da San Sebastián da ya ɓace ya mamaye. Santa María Magdalena wani ɓangare ne na ayyukan fasaha da Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Jama'a ta koma babban cocin Metropolitan a 1991.
A halin yanzu, saboda aiki mai wahala da tsada na aikin gyara kan babban cocin wanda mai ginin gidan Sergio Zaldívar Guerra ya jagoranta, kuma don karfafa ginin, an kewaye ginshikan da wani gandun daji masu tarin yawa don karfafa kwatarniya, da kuma sararin samaniya babban waya mai launin toka don kiyaye tarkace wanda za'a iya warewa, wanda ya munana kewaye da kyakkyawar bagaden Gafara.
Gidan sujada na San Isidro ko Cristo deI Veneno, wanda yake gefen hannun dama na Altar deI Perdón (wanda ya haɗu da Cathedral tare da Tabernacle), ana kan aikin maidowa ne, don haka wannan Kiristi, hoto ne da ake girmamawa sosai da ke An sanya wani gurbi a bangon arewa na majami'ar an ɗan lokaci a gaban bagaden Gafara, yana rufe zanen Iyali Mai Tsarki. Hakanan, an sanya ƙarami da kyau zane mai wakiltar Triniti Mai Tsarki a hannun hagu na bagaden, ta Miguel Cabrera wanda shi ma a cikin San Isidro ɗakin sujada.
Source: Mexico a Lokaci Na 11 Fabrairu-Maris 1996
