A yau, daga yalwar wadataccen gine-ginen gine-ginen da jihar Veracruz ke bayarwa, yana da kyau a bayyana salon yaren gidajen ruwa na Kogin Nautla, ko Kogin Bobos, wanda ya bayyana kasancewar, da sauransu, da al'adun Faransa da tasirinsa har zuwa Yanzu.
Centuryarni na 19 ya kasance yanayin tafiyar independenceancin sannu-sannu na ƙasashen Amurka, da kuma jigilar dubban baƙi daga ko'ina cikin duniya, waɗanda mafarkinsu na ci gaba ya kasance a Amurka. A cikin wannan yanayin, rukuni na farko na baƙi Faransawa 80, maza da mata, sun isa garin rafin Jicaltepec a 1833, galibi daga Franche Comite (Champlitte) da Burgundy, arewa maso gabashin Faransa; manufarsa ita ce kafa kamfanin noma na Franco-Mexico a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Stéphane Guenot, kuma zuwansa nan da nan ya kafa wurin alaƙar al'adu tsakanin Mexico da Faransa.
Shigowar kasashen waje a karnin da ya gabata ya kasance sakamakon kasancewar jihar Veracruz ta riga ta kasance wani ɓangare na cibiyar sadarwar teku a cikin Tekun Mexico. Ta hanyar hanyoyin kasuwanci da aka kafa tsakanin Amurka da Turai, yankin ya ci gaba da tuntuɓar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa na Le Havre, Bordeaux da Marseille, ba tare da rage tashar jiragen ruwan Antilles da Guiana na Faransa ba (Port-au-Prince, Fort de France, Cayenne ), da na arewacin nahiyar (New Orleans, New York da Montreal).
Zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1850, a cikin Jicaltepec (ƙaramar hukumar Nautla) wani nau'ine na musamman na yaren da aka kirkira, wanda asalinsa ya samo asali ne, saboda yawan gudummawar baƙi Faransawa. Firstungiyar farko ta Gauls ta haɗu da mutane daga Burgundy, daga Haute Savoie, daga Alsace - lardunan gabas - kuma, a jere, daga kudu maso yammacin Faransa: Aquitaine da Pyrenees. Sun kuma zo ne daga Louisiana (Amurka), daga Italiya da Spain, galibi. Waɗannan baƙi sun yi musayar ilimi, gogewa da dabarun gini iri ɗaya na wuraren asalinsu, kuma a lokaci guda sun haɓaka tare da fassara kayan da aka riga aka samu a yankin. Ana iya ganin wannan musanyar al'adun ta hanyar yadda suka yi amfani da kayan aiki da dabaru wajen gina gidajensu da kuma bangarorin aikin gona; kaɗan kaɗan, sakamakon nau'ikan gidajen suka bazu a gabar Kogin Nautla.
Yanayin sama da yanayin ruwa ya ƙaddara, zuwa wani babban, nau'in gidaje da salon rayuwar mazaunanta. Tsarin daidaitawa akan bankunan Nautla ya wakilta, sama da duka, sauya yanayin daga mummunan yanayi zuwa wanda yafi dacewa da rayuwa.
Tsayayye a cikin irin wannan gidan shi ne yin amfani da rufi mai tsayi da kusurwa, wanda ba safai a cikin Meziko ba, wanda sulkensa ya ƙunshi bishiyoyi daban-daban da aka sare kuma aka haɗa su a ƙarƙashin takamaiman matakan, kuma a ƙarshe an rufe dubunnan tayal ɗin da ke rataye daga ƙaru ko ƙusa, wanda wani ɓangare ne na tayal, zuwa ɗan siririn itace da ake kira "alfajilla".
Ana kiran wannan nau'in rufin "rabin siket", saboda yana da rufin kwano huɗu ko "masu gefe huɗu". Tana amfani da kusurwa da gangara sosai, wanda aka sani da "jelar duck", wanda ke hana ruwan sama shafar ganuwar, musamman a lokacin hadari da "arewa". Hakanan, ana lura da al'adar Bature ta gina ɗaki ɗaya ko fiye a kan rufin a wasu gidaje.
Elaarin bayani game da tubalin don ganuwar da tayal “sikelin” rufin; amfani da "ƙahonin" ko ginshiƙan katako da aikin kafinta; fasalin ɗakuna da buɗewa don ba da izinin iska ta yanayi; filastar tare da lemun tsami na kawa; charjin elliptical da aka saukar a ƙofofi da tagogi, da kuma shirayi tare da ginshiƙan Tuscan - gaye a cikin Veracruz a ƙarnnin da suka gabata - wasu canje-canje ne na kayan aiki, fasahohi da salon da masu sana'ar yankin Nautla suka yi amfani da su wajen gina gidajen.
Salon gidan tayal na flake, a yau, ya faɗaɗa kusan kilomita 17 tare da Kogin Nautla, a bankunan biyu; kuma tasirinsa a garuruwan da ke makwabtaka sananne ne, misali a Misantla.
Tare da samun damar mallakar zuriyar Gallic mazaunan bankin hagu (a yau gundumar Martínez de la Torre), a cikin 1874 an kirkiro sabbin al'ummomi waɗanda ke kiyaye tsarin ginin da aka yi amfani da shi a Jicaltepec, tare da ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin tsinkayen na gidan, musamman wajen amfani da sarari. Gidajen da ke bankin hagu galibi suna tsakiyar cibiyar ne kuma an kewaye su da lambuna da yankuna don kayan lambu da kuma ayyukan da ake yi na karkara, kamar noma da kiwo. Fuskokin suna da baranda masu faɗi da goyan bayan ginshiƙai irin na Tuscan da katako na “horcones”; Wasu lokuta rufin yana da ɗaki ɗaya ko biyu a gefen facin, wanda ke fuskantar hanyar masarauta - yanzu ba a amfani da shi, wanda ke tafiya daidai da kogin. Wasu gidaje suna da jirgin kansu, wanda ke nuna dogaro da Kogin Nautla a matsayin hanyar sadarwa da kuma wata hanyar samar da su.
Samfurin tasirin wannan nau'in gidan a bayan bankuna, zamu iya samun sa a kudancin kogin Nautla, a cikin garin El Huanal (karamar Nautla).
Ginin can akwai sakamakon haɗuwa da fassarar da wani baƙon Italiyanci ya yi, na salon gidan da ke yankin a farkon ƙarni. Ana lura da hakan yayin amfani da tayal flake a rufin da aka zana tare da dormer a kowane rufi, kuma a cikin fitarwa daga soro daga ɗakin kwanciya. Tushenta na masarauta da ɓangaren bangonsa an yi su ne da duwatsu na kogi, kuma façadersa yana nuna ɗauke da ra'ayi daban da hanyar gargajiya.
A cikin El Copal ranch zaku iya ganin babban gini (mallakar dangin Anglada); Girmanta da fuskarta tare da kayan kwalliya da akwatunan fure, da aikin maƙeri, suna nuna kamanceceniya da manya da kuma ƙarshen gine-ginen da aka samo a Jicaltepec, kamar gidan da ake yin lalata da gidan Domínguez.
A lokacin Porfiriato, ginin manyan gidajen tayal a cikin yankin Nautla ya kai ga balaga. Misalin wannan shi ne gidan Proal family a Paso de Telaya, wanda ya fara daga 1903. Gidan ya yi tsayayya da “arewa” da manyan ambaliyar Nautla, amma rashin kulawa da kusancinsa da kogin na barazanar dorewarsa.
A kan hanyar da ta tashi daga San Rafael zuwa tashar jirgin saman Jicaltepec akwai gidan dangin Belín, ɗayan ɗayan tiles na flake na farko da aka gina a gefen hagu a kusa da 1880, kuma wanda aka kiyaye shi cikin yanayi mai kyau (har yanzu yana da “ horcones ”asalin tsarin ganuwarta).
Amfani da dazuzzuka na yanki daban-daban a cikin gini, kamar itacen al'ul, itacen oak, "chicozapote", "hojancho", "halin kirki" da "tepezquite", da na dazuzzuka na ƙasashen waje kamar bishiyar da aka warke ko "pinotea" daga Kanada, kuma kwanan nan elm, yana nuna ire-iren albarkatun da muhalli ke samarwa, da kuma tarin ilimin da aka samu don gina gidaje masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. A gefe guda, amfani da katako don rufin da tayal flake don rufin yana sa ginin haske ya yiwu kuma mai sauƙin yi.
Halin kyawawan halaye na gidajen da ke gabar Kogin Nautla shine siffar pagoda ta Sin wacce rufin yake ɗauka. Wannan na faruwa ne yayin da katakon rufin rufin katako ya ɗan lanƙwasa daga ƙarin nauyin shingles ɗin rigar, saboda yanayin yanayin yankin na yankin.
Kusan 1918, wani gida na musamman (wanda dangin Collinot ke da shi a yanzu) an gina shi a El Mentidero a gaban La Peña pier, wanda ke alfahari da façade mai salon Veracruz. Tana da nasarar da aka ginata a kan tsauni mai tsayi, wanda ya kiyaye ta daga hauhawar kogin, amma ba daga wucewar lokaci ba ko lalacewar yanayi.
A halin yanzu yana yiwuwa a yaba a cikin El Mentidero, gidaje a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Wasu daga cikinsu an gyara su kuma sun zama na zamani, ba tare da rasa halayensu na aiki da ɗabi'a ba; Ya bambanta, akwai adadi mai yawa na gidaje a cikin halin ƙaura na gaskiya.
A Nautla, ci gaban wannan nau'in gine-ginen ya makara (1920-1930), kuma ya yi daidai da bunƙasar da kamfanonin citrus na Arewacin Amurka suka samar; gidan Fuentes yana da ƙima a wannan lokacin.
Nautla, a matsayin babbar hanyar shiga da fita ta mutane da kayayyaki, ya tabbatar da mahimmancin kewayawa a ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, da kuma kafa hanyoyin ruwa waɗanda suka wanzu tsakanin yankin da wannan kogin ya rufe da tashar jiragen ruwa na Kogin Mexico, Antilles, Arewacin Amurka da Turai.
A Faransa, ana iya ganin yin amfani da sikelin sikelin a cikin gine-gine daga ƙarni na 18; wannan shine yadda ake nuna shi a cikin Burgundy, a cikin Beaujeu, Macon, Alsace da sauran yankuna. A Fort de France (Martinique) mun kuma tabbatar da dadaddiyar wanzuwar wannan tayal ɗin.
A cewar wasu masana tarihi, tiles na farko da suka fara zuwa yankin Nautla an kawo su ne daga Faransa a matsayin ƙyama da kaya. Koyaya, mafi tsohuwar tayal da aka samo daga 1859 ne kuma tana da sa hannun Pepe Hernández. Bugu da kari, an samu wasu tayal masu dauke da rubutun Anguste Grapin dauke da wasu ranaku daban, tsakanin 1860 da 1880, wani lokaci ne da yayi daidai da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, musamman ma game da noman da fitarwa na vanilla.
Ginin gidan sikelin a Jicaltepec an kiyaye shi har zuwa ƙarshen 1950s, amma an maye gurbinsa da yawa ta bayyanar kayan ƙananan farashi (takardar asbestos), ta hanyar sadaukar da kyawawan gidajen.
A yau, duk da ci gaba da rikice-rikicen tattalin arziki, ginin gidan tayal na walwala. A ƙarshen 1980 wani sabon shaawa ya taso don kula da salon gidajen, yin kwatankwacin samfuran gargajiyar, sai kawai a halin yanzu tayal ɗin ke rarraba tare da tsarin katako kuma an manna shi a kan simintin. Amma waɗannan abubuwan sabuntawa sun keɓance kuma sun dogara ga mai shi kawai.
Abin takaici, akwai gidaje da yawa waɗanda ke barazanar rushewa, kamar na dangin Proal a Paso de Telaya; na dangin Collinot, a cikin El Mentidero; na dangin Belín, akan hanyar San Rafael zuwa Paso de Telaya, da na Mr. Miguel Sánchez, a El Huanal. Zai yi kyau a ba da shawarar cewa gwamnatocin Faransa da Mexico za su shirya maido da wannan kayan tarihi don haka su samar da yankin yawon bude ido.
IDAN KA TAFIYA ZUWA BAYANAN KOGIN NAUTLA
Hanyar shiga birni zuwa bankunan hagu, na karamar hukumar Martínez de la Torre, ta hanyar bin babbar hanyar tarayya a'a. 129 daga Teziutlán-Martínez de la Torre-Nautla, zuwa San Rafael, a kilomita 80 na babbar hanyar da aka ce; don ziyartar garuruwan da ke hannun dama na banki, na karamar hukumar Nautla, hanyar shiga ta babbar hanyar tarayya ba. 180, kilomita 150 daga tashar Veracruz.
