Wataƙila zuwa farkon ƙarni na 16, yankin Guanajuato na yau yana da yawa daga ichan asalin Chichimecas, galibi wani wuri da ake kira Paxtitlán, inda kwadi suka yi yawa.
A bayyane yake Indiyawan Tarascan waɗanda ke tare da su sun ba shi sunan Quanashuato, "wurin duwatsu na kwaɗi." An san cewa a shekara ta 1546 Mutanen Spain sun riga sun bincika yankin kuma Rodrigo Vázquez ya kafa garken dabbobi. Tsakanin wannan ranar da 1553, an sami mahimman bayanai na ma'adinai na zinare da azurfa, wanda shine sananne da Juan de Rayas ya yi a 1550. A shekara mai zuwa, sansanoni huɗu ko masarauta sun zauna a wurin don kula da sabbin ma'adinan da aka gano. , a cikin su mafi mahimmanci wanda ake kira Santa Fe.
Kodayake Chichimecas sun kai hari sau da yawa, an gina Real de Minas a matsayin ofishin magajin gari a cikin 1574 yana ɗaukar sunan Villa de Santa Fe a cikin Real y Minas de Guanajuato. A shekarar 1679 ta riga ta sami mulmula ko rigar makamai kuma a cikin 1741 an ba ta taken birni don “damar da aka samu ta hanyar wadatattun ma'adanai na azurfa da zinariya". Sarki Felipe V ya sanya hannu kan Takaddun shaida kuma ya kira shi mai ɗaukaka da aminci Royal City na Minas de Santa Fe de Guanajuato.
Wannan wuri ya tilasta ci gaban da ya kafa halaye na gari musamman wanda ya kasance saboda yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin ƙasa, wanda ya dace da wannan rarraba rarrabuwa da bin hanyoyi na musamman, murabba'ai, murabba'ai, titunan da matattakala na kamannin ban mamaki, yanayin da ya cancanci daraja birni da za a ɗauka ɗayan ɗayan mashahurai a ƙasarmu.
Da farko an hada shi da unguwanni hudu: Marfil ko Santiago, Tepetapa, Santa Ana da Santa Fe; Ana tunanin cewa ƙarshen shine mafi tsufa kuma yana nan inda makwabcin yanzu na La Pastita yake. Haɗuwa tsakanin birane ya haɗa da rafi wanda kusan yake wucewa ta tsakiyar matsuguni, ya juya shi zuwa Calle Real, wanda shine babban ginshiƙan garin kuma a ɓangarorinsa, a kan gangaren tsaunuka masu ƙwari, an gina gidajen mazaunanta. Wannan titin, wanda a yau aka sani da Belaunzarán ɗayan kyawawan hanyoyi ne don ɓangarorin ƙasa, gadoji da kyawawan hanyoyin da yake samarwa a cikin hanyarsa ta ɓarna. An yi mahimman abubuwa masu mahimmanci da wadatattun gine-gine a cikin duwatsu masu launin ruwan hoda, yayin da don ƙarin adon adobe da bangon bangare aka yi amfani da shi, wani ɓangaren da ya ba shi wata halayyar launuka waɗanda ke zuwa daga sautunan ja zuwa sautunan kore, suna wucewa ta ruwan hoda; An yi amfani da tarkacen ƙasa waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don bene, matakala da kuma veneers.
Dukiyar da garin ya kai zuwa karni na 18, albarkacin tarin zinariya da azurfa, ya bayyana a tsarin gine-ginen jama'a da na addini; Koyaya, ya zama dole a sanya suna, misali, cocin farko, mai albarka a 1555 wanda shine Asibitin de los Indios Otomíes, mai magana da yawun Colegio de Compañía de Jesús, wanda aka kafa a kusan 1589, wanda yake anan inda a yau Jami'ar da ɗarikar Ikklesiya ta farko suke da ake kira Asibitoci, wanda ya faro tun daga tsakiyar karni na 16, a yau an sassaka shi kuma tare da zane-zane a fuskarta da hoton Lady na Guanajuato.
Birnin yana ba da sarari tare da yanayi mai ban mamaki da kyawawan ra'ayoyi, tare da murabba'insa waɗanda ke tsara gine-ginen da ke da sha'awa, kamar San Francisco, inda titin Sopeña ya ƙare, a gaban haikalin San Francisco, tare da facfin baroque na Centuryarni na 18 wanda ya bambanta da gidan sujada na Santa Casa. Ari a kan shine Gardenungiyar Aljanna, a gefen kudu wanda ke tsaye da haikalin San Diego, wanda ke da tsohuwar gidan zuhudu; haikalin ya lalace ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa kuma an sake gina shi a cikin karni na 18 ta hanyar sa hannun Count of Valenciana. Façadersa tana cikin yanayin Baroque tare da iska mai ƙarancin haske.
Daga baya shine Plaza de la Paz, wanda ke kewaye da gine-gine masu ban sha'awa kamar Fadar Gwamnati, Gidan ban mamaki na ofididdigar Rul, aiki daga ƙarshen karni na 18 wanda aka danganta shi ga mai ginin Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras, wanda ke da kyakkyawar facade da kyakkyawar baranda ciki; Gidan Countidaya na Gálvez da Gidan Los Chico. A ƙarshen gabashin filin shine babban basilica na Nuestra Señora de Guanajuato, wanda aka gina a karni na goma sha bakwai a cikin salon baroque mai ban sha'awa, wanda ke ɗauke da hoto mai daraja na Lady of Santa Fe de Guanajuato a cikin babban bagadensa. Bayan Basilica akwai wani fili wanda ya gabaci babban haikalin Society of Jesus, wanda aka gina a 1746 tare da tallafin Don José Joaquín Sardaneta y Legazpi. Ginin yana da ɗayan kyawawan faya-fayan baroque a cikin Meziko kuma babban dome wanda aka ƙara shi a karnin da ya gabata ta hanyar mai tsara Vicente Heredia ya fito fili. A gefen yamma na wannan haikalin shine harabar Jami'ar, wanda shine Colegio de la Purísima wanda Jesuit suka kafa a ƙarshen karni na 16; ginin ya sami gyare-gyare a cikin karni na 18 kuma wasu ƙarin a tsakiyar wannan karnin. Zuwa gabashin Kamfanin shine Plaza del Baratillo, wanda ke alfahari da kyakkyawan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da aka kawo daga Florence ta hanyar umarnin Emperor Maximiliano, kuma a gefen yamma haikalin San José yana tsaye.
Cigaba da bin titin Juárez, zaku wuce ta Fadar Doka, ginin karni na 19; Bugu da kari shine ginin da ya kasance Royal House of Trials, fitaccen gidan Baroque tare da birni na farko mai ɗauke da makamai akan facinsa. Daga can, karamin titin giciye ya ratsa ta Plaza de San Fernando don isa Plazuela de San Roque, wani kyakkyawan kusurwa na mulkin mallaka wanda ya zana cocin mai suna iri ɗaya kuma wanda shi ne mafi tsufa da aka adana, wanda aka gina a 1726. Hakanan hadadden yana ba da damar zuwa lambun Morelos mai daɗi, wanda ya gabaci haikalin Belén, ginin ƙarni na 18 tare da madaidaiciyar hanyar shiga da kyawawan bagade a ciki. Daga ɗaya gefen haikalin, titin da ya hau arewa yana kaiwa zuwa ginin Alhóndiga de Granaditas; Kasancewa don adana hatsi da abinci, ginin ya fara ne a cikin 1798 a ƙarƙashin aikin da mai ginin Durán y Villaseñor ya kammala a 1809 ƙarƙashin kulawar José del Mazo. Babban hotonta kyakkyawan samfurin neoclassical architecture na Mexico.
Yankuna na gari sune murabba'i da kankara, daga ciki zamu iya ambaton plazuela de la Valenciana, Los Ángeles, Mexiamora, sanannen kuma mai son Callejón del Beso da Salto del Mono. Sauran muhimman gine-ginen addini sune Haikalin Guadalupe, wanda aka gina a cikin karni na 18 a cikin salon Baroque mai kyau, Haikalin El Pardo, shi ma daga ƙarni na 18, tare da fasalinsa cike da kayan shuke-shuke da aka aiwatar da kyau a wurin fasa dutse.
A waje da Cibiyar Tarihi, zuwa arewa, haikalin ne na Valenciana da aka keɓe wa San Cayetano, wanda ke da kyakkyawar faurade churrigueresque daga ƙarni na 18 da waɗanda aka kwatanta da na Sagrario da Santísima a cikin Garin Mexico. An gina haikalin ne bisa roƙon Don Antonio de Obregón y Alcocer, ƙididdigar farko ta Valencia, tsakanin 1765 da 1788. Wurin yana adana wasu kyawawan bagade na alfarma da mahimmin bagade mai daraja wanda aka saka da ƙashi da itace mai daraja. Haikalin Cata kuma ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. An gina shi a gaban dandalin yau wanda aka fi sani da Don Quixote, wani ɗayan misalai ne na baroque na Mexico, waɗanda fuskokinsu ke gaba da na Valenciana. Tana cikin garin hakar ma'adinai iri ɗaya sunan kuma an gina ta tun daga ƙarni na 17.
