Kusan ƙarni uku keɓaɓɓu na New Spain mallakar Creoles ko Spaniards ne da ke zaune a Meziko, kuma har zuwa shekarun farko na rayuwar 'yanci kafin a ba da izinin babban birnin ƙasashen waje su shiga hakar ma'adinan Mexico.
Don haka, a ƙarshen karni na 19, kamfanonin Biritaniya, Faransanci da galibi kamfanonin Arewacin Amurka ke aiki a jihohin Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí da Jalisco, da sauransu.
Wasu kamfanoni suna ci gaba da amfani da tsofaffin ma'adanai, wasu kuma sun sami ƙasa a cikin jihohi da yawa, wasu kuma a cikin bincikensu na samun sabbin kuɗaɗen ajiya, bincika yankunan da ke nesa da ƙasar kuma suka kafa kansu a cikin kusan wuraren da ba za a iya samunsu ba, wanda, da shigewar lokaci, a ƙarshe an yi watsi da su. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon - wanda ba a san tarihinsa ba - shine Santa Fe, a cikin jihar Chiapas.
Ga yawancin mazaunan yankin ana kiran wurin da "La Mina", amma babu wanda ya san takamaiman asalinsa.
Don zuwa ma'adinan, mun ɗauki hanyar da za ta fara a El Beneficio, wata al'umma da ke bankunan babbar hanyar tarayya ba. 195, a tsaunukan tsaunukan arewa na Chiapas.
Babbar mashigar Santa Fe rami ne mai tsayin mita 25 mai tsawon mita 50, wanda aka sassaka daga dutsen da ke raye na dutse. Girmanta da kyawunta na kwarai ne, har yakai mu ga yarda cewa muna cikin kogon halitta. Sauran ɗakuna ana samun dama daga babban rami kuma daga waɗannan rami da yawa suna kaiwa zuwa cikin ciki.
Muna da ramuka kusan ashirin a bude a kan matakai hudu, dukkansu ba su da makami, ma’ana, ba su da goyan bayan katako ko allon, tunda an huda su a cikin dutsen. Wasu suna da yawa, wasu ƙananan ramuka ne da makafin ramuka. A cikin wani yanki mai kusurwa huɗu muke samun ramin hakar ma'adinan, wanda yake shi ne ƙofar tsaye wanda aka tara mutane, kayan aiki da kayan aiki a wasu matakan ta hanyar kejin. Duba cikin ciki ya nuna cewa a mita takwas ko 10 ƙananan matakin ya cika da ruwa.
Kodayake ma'adinan yana da kamanceceniya da kogon dutse, bincikensa yana ba da babbar haɗari. A yayin binciken, mun gano rushewa a cikin ramuka da yawa. A wasu hanyoyin an toshe hanya gabaɗaya kuma a wasu ɓangarorin. Don ci gaba da bincika ya zama dole a hankali zamewa ta hanyar rata.
Wadannan tashoshin suna auna tsayinsu yakai mita biyu da wani tsayin mitoci biyu kuma abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a gare su, tunda zaizayar kasa tana aiki kamar madatsun ruwa da ruwan shigar ruwa ana ajiye su a dogon zango. Tare da ruwan har zuwa kwankwasonmu, wani lokacin har zuwa kirjinmu, zamu bi ta cikin maze inda wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa da ɓangarorin bushe suke madadin.
A saman rufin mun gano alli carbonate stalactites tsayin santimita biyu kuma rataye rabin mita akan bangon. Har ma mafi ban mamaki shine emerald kore da tsatsa jan stalactites, gushings, da stalagmites wanda aka samu ta hanyar kwararar ruwan tagulla da ƙarfe.
Lokacin da kake duba kewaye, Don Bernardino ya gaya mana: "ku bi wannan hanyar, ku tsallaka gadar kuma daga hagu za ku sami ma'adinan da ake kira La Providencia." Mun dauki nasihar kuma ba da daɗewa ba muna bakin kofa na wani babban ɗaki.
Idan Santa Fe nawa Ya cancanci a yaba, Providence ya zarce duk abin da ake tunani. Dakin yana da girma sosai, tare da bene wanda ya kunshi matakai da yawa, daga inda ramuka da wuraren nuna hotuna suke farawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Yana da kyau a lura da harbin La Providencia, aiki mai kyau da kyau na katako tare da bango masu kauri da baka irin na Roman, sau huɗu girman Santa Fe.
Pedro Garcíaconde Trelles ya kiyasta cewa farashin wannan ginin a yanzu ya zarce pesos miliyan uku, wanda ke ba mu ra'ayin ƙarfi na saka hannun jarin da kamfanin ya yi a lokacinsa da kuma tsammanin da aka sanya a kan kuɗin.
Mun kiyasta cewa akwai kusan kilomita biyu na rami a ko'ina cikin hadadden. Saboda yawan kayan da aka samo, ya kamata a ɗauka cewa wannan shi ne mafi tsufa na, kuma idan muka yi la'akari da cewa an buɗe tashoshi da kofofin da guduma da sanda, kuma kowace "tsawa" - ma'ana, fashewar caji na gunpowder - ya ba wa masu hakar ma'adinai ci gaba a dutsen mita da rabi, zamu iya tunanin girman ƙoƙarin da aka tura.
Gwargwadon yadda muke nazarin wurin, tambayoyin suna da girma. Girman aikin ya nuna aiki na dogon lokaci wanda ke buƙatar ɗaukacin rundunar maza, da ma'aikatan fasaha, da injina, da kayan aiki da sarrafa kayan ma'adinai.
Domin share wadannan abubuwan da ba a san su ba, mun juya ga mazaunan El Beneficio. A can mun yi sa'a mun haɗu da Mista Antolín Flores Rosales, ɗayan tsirarun masu hakar ma'adinai, wanda ya yarda ya zama jagoranmu.
Don Antolín ya ce "A cewar tsoffin masu hakar gwal sun gaya mani, Santa Fe na wani kamfanin Ingila ne." Amma babu wanda ya san lokacin da suka kasance a nan. Ance akwai ambaliyar ruwa mai girman gaske wanda mutane da yawa suka makale a ciki kuma shi yasa suka tafi. Lokacin da na isa Chiapas a cikin 1948, anan daji ne ingantacce. A wancan lokacin kamfanin La Nahuyaca an kafa shi tsawon shekaru uku yana amfani da jan ƙarfe, azurfa da zinariya.
Sun kawo kwararrun ma'aikata sun gyara wasu gine-ginen Ingilishi, sun kwashe magogin ruwa, sun gina hanya daga mahakar zuwa El Beneficio don jigilar ma'adinan, kuma sun gyara hanyar zuwa Pichucalco. Kamar yadda na samu gogewa daga aiki a ma'adanan azurfa da yawa a cikin Taxco, Guerrero, na fara aiki a matsayin mai aikin jirgin ƙasa har zuwa watan Mayu 1951, lokacin da ma'adinan ya daina aiki a fili saboda matsaloli tare da ƙungiyar kuma saboda gyaran titunan sun riga sun ba za a iya biya ba ”.
Don Antolín ya fitar da mashin din sa kuma cikin tsananin tashin hankali tsawon shekarun sa 78, ya shiga hanyar da ta hau. A kan hanyar hawa kan tudu muna ganin ƙofar ramuka da yawa. “Kamfanin Alfredo Sánchez Flores ne ya bude wadannan ramuka, wanda ya yi aiki a nan daga 1953 zuwa 1956,” in ji Don Antolín, “sannan kamfanonin Serralvo da Corzo sun zo, suna aiki na shekara biyu ko uku kuma sun yi ritaya saboda rashin kwarewa a harkar.
Developmentungiyar Raya Ma'adinai ta bincika wasu ayyuka har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun saba'in, lokacin da aka yi watsi da komai ". Jagoran ya tsaya a gaban rami ya nuna cewa: "Wannan shi ne Ma'adinin Copper." Muna kunna fitilun kuma muna wucewa ta cikin ɗakunan ajiya. Wata iska mai ƙarfi ta dauke mu zuwa bakin zurfin zurfin mita 40. An rarraba abubuwan jujjuyawar da winch shekarun da suka gabata. Don Antolín ya tuna: “An kashe mahaka biyu a kusa da wani harbi. Kuskure yayi sanadiyyar rasa rayukansu ”. Yawon shakatawa na sauran wuraren shakatawa ya tabbatar da cewa muna kan matakin farko na Santa Fe.
Mun sake bin hanyar kuma Don Antolín yana jagorantar mu zuwa wani yanki na daji wanda ke tsakanin Santa Fe da La Providencia, inda muke samun gine-gine warwatse a kan hekta biyu ko uku. Gine-ginen da ake dangantawa da Ingilishi, duka a bene ɗaya, tare da bangon dutse da turmi mai tsayin mita huɗu da faɗi rabin mita.
Muna shiga cikin rusassun abin da dā ne sito, ɗakin maimaitawa, injin niƙa, ɗakin shaƙatawa, babban wutar makera da sauran gine-gine dozin. Dangane da ƙirarta da yanayin kiyayewa, murhun narkewa, wanda aka gina shi da tubalin da ba shi da kyau kuma tare da rufin rabin ganga, ya fita waje, da kuma ramin magudanar ruwa da ke haɗawa da ƙirar ma'adanai biyu, wanda shine kawai rami tare da katako. raƙuman ƙarfe
Wanene magina? Peter Lord Atewell ne ya sami amsa: Santa Fe an yi masa rajista a Landan a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1889, tare da sunan Kamfanin Ma'adinai na Chiapas kuma babban birni na fam dubu 250 na Sterling. Ya yi aiki a cikin jihar Chiapas daga 1889 zuwa 1905.
A yau, lokacin da muke rangadin tsoffin gine-gine da ramuka da aka sassaka cikin dutsen, ba abin da za mu yi sai dai jin sha’awa da girmamawa ga mazan da suka yi wannan aikin. Ka yi tunanin yanayin da masifun da suka fuskanta fiye da ƙarni ɗaya da suka gabata a wani wuri da aka cire gaba ɗaya daga wayewa, a tsakiyar dajin.
Yadda ake samun:
Idan kuna tafiya daga garin Villahermosa, Tabasco, dole ne ku tafi kudancin jihar akan babbar hanyar tarayya ba. 195. Yayin da zaku tafi za ku sami biranen Teapa-Pichucalco-Ixtacomitán-Solosuchiapa kuma, a ƙarshe, El Beneficio. Yawon shakatawa ya ƙunshi awanni 2 don kusan nisan kilomita 100.
Matafiya da ke tashi daga Tuxtla Gutiérrez su ma su bi babbar hanyar tarayya ba. 195, zuwa ga garin Solosuchiapa. Wannan hanyar ta ƙunshi sama da kilomita 160 na manyan hanyoyi, don haka yana ɗaukar motar sa'a 4 don zuwa El Beneficio. A wannan yanayin, ana ba da shawarar kwana a Pichucalco inda akwai otal-otal tare da sabis na kwandishan, gidan abinci, da dai sauransu.
ma'adinai a chiapasmines a cikin mexican mexicomineria
