Kodayake yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zane-zanen Mexico na wannan karnin, ba a san Zárraga da yawa a cikin Meziko ba saboda gaskiyar cewa ya yi fiye da rabin rayuwarsa a ƙasashen waje - kimanin shekaru arba'in a Turai - musamman a Faransa.
An haifi Ángel Zárraga a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1886 a garin Durango, kuma tun yana saurayi ya yi rajista a San Carlos Academy, inda ya haɗu da Diego Rivera, wanda ya kulla ƙawance mai ƙarfi. Malaman sa sune Santiago Rebull, José María Velasco da Julio Ruelas.
Yana dan shekara 18 - a cikin 1904 - ya fara zama a Paris kuma ya nemi mafaka a cikin tarin kayan tarihin Louvre, yana kare kansa daga rudanin da Impressionism da sabbin abubuwa suka haifar, kodayake ya nuna godiyarsa ga Renoir, Gauguin, Degas da Cézanne.
Ba tare da yarda sosai da abin da ake koyarwa a Makarantar Fine Arts da ke Paris ba, sai ya yanke shawarar yin karatu a Royal Academy of Brussels, daga baya ya zauna a Spain (Toledo, Segovia, Zamarramala da Illescas), wanda ke wakiltar wani zamani a gare shi. ƙasa da m. Malaminsa na farko a waɗannan ƙasashe shi ne Joaquín Sorolla, wanda ke taimaka masa a saka shi cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo a gidan kayan tarihin Prado da ke Madrid, inda aka ba da biyu daga cikin ayyukansa biyar kuma nan da nan aka sayar da su.
Ita ce shekarar 1906, kuma a Meziko Justo Sierra – sakatariyar koyar da jama'a da Kyakkyawan Fasaha - ta samu Porfirio Díaz don baiwa Zárraga franc 350 kowane wata don inganta karatun zanen sa a Turai. Mai zane-zanen ya yi shekaru biyu a cikin Italiya (Tuscany da Umbria) kuma ya nuna a cikin Florence da Venice. Ya koma Paris a cikin 1911 don gabatar da aikinsa a karon farko a Salon d'Automne; Hotonsa guda biyu - La Dádiva da San Sebastián - sun cancanci a san su sosai. Don ɗan lokaci, Zárraga ya ba da damar yin tasiri game da ƙabila kuma daga baya ya dukufa ga zanen batutuwan wasanni. Motsi na masu gudu, daidaiton masu jefa jifa, filastik na masu ninkaya, da sauransu, yana matukar sha'awar.
Tsakanin 1917 da 1918 ya zana kayan ado na wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespeare na Antony da Cleopatra, wanda aka yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Antoine da ke Paris. Waɗannan kayan ado ana iya ɗaukar su azaman yunƙurin farko na mai zane don shiga cikin zanen bango.
Bayan haka, ya dukufa kan yin wasu zane-zane na bango - fresco da encaustic - na gidan Vert-Coeur da ke Chevreuse, kusa da Versailles, inda yake kawata matakala, dakin dangi, farfajiyar, laburaren da magana. A dai-dai wannan lokacin, José Vasconcelos ya kira shi ya shiga cikin muralism na Mexico, yana kawata bangon manyan gine-ginen jama'a, amma Zárraga ya ƙi saboda bai gama aikinsa a wannan gidan ba.
Koyaya, ya fara haɓaka babban aikin bango a Faransa.
A cikin 1924 ya yi wa cocinsa na farko ado, na na Lady of La Salette a Suresnes, kusa da Paris. Don babban bagade da gefuna, yana yin kyawawan abubuwa waɗanda yake amfani da wasu albarkatu na yau da kullun daga Cubism (abin baƙin ciki waɗannan ayyukan yanzu sun ɓace).
Tsakanin 1926 da 1927 ya zana alluna goma sha takwas na Dokar Mexico a Paris a lokacin da injiniya Alberto J. Pani ya ba da umarni. Waɗannan allon suna yin ado da farfajiyar tsawon shekaru da yawa, amma daga baya ana wulakanta su a cikin ɗakin ajiya kuma idan aka sake gano su tuni sun lalace sosai. Abin farin ciki, shekaru daga baya ana tura su zuwa Mexico, inda aka maido da su har ma da fallasa ga jama'a. Yawancinsu suna cikin ƙasar sauran kuma an mayar da su ofishin jakadancin. Mun taƙaita tattauna waɗannan allon guda huɗu a ƙasa.
Ba a sani ba idan marubucin ilimi na ayyukan goma sha takwas shine Zárraga da kansa ko kuma ministan da ya ba da izinin su. Zane-zanen gabaɗaya sun haɗu zuwa yanayin fasaha na wannan lokacin, yanzu ana kiransa zane-zane; taken taken hangen nesa ne game da "asalin Mexico, rikicewar yanayi na ci gabanta, ƙawancenta ga Faransa da sha'awarta na kyautatawa cikin gida da kuma ƙawancen duniya."
Kaunar juna. Yana nuna adadi daban-daban na mutane na kowane jinsi waɗanda aka haɗasu a cikin duniyar duniya - waɗanda ke durƙusuwa da adadi guda biyu - kuma suna tare cikin jituwa. Zárraga yana da matukar ibada kuma yana kokarin isar da cewa tun lokacin da Huɗuba akan Dutse (kusan shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata) wayewar zamani ta yi ƙoƙari ta lalata ruhun mutum da Kiristanci kuma ba ta iya riƙe ko da ƙaramin matakin na halin kirki da ke cikin lambobi daban-daban, kamar yadda aka nuna ta buƙatar 'yan sanda da yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin ƙungiyoyin siyasa, azuzuwan zamantakewar jama'a ko mutane.
Iyakar arewacin Mexico. A nan duka layin rarrabuwa na jinsi biyu da ke cike da nahiyar da kuma iyakar arewacin Latin ta Amurka an yi alama. A gefe ɗaya akwai cacti da furannin wurare masu zafi, yayin da ɗayan kuma akwai dogayen gine-gine, masana'antu da duk ƙarfin tarin kayan ci gaban zamani. Mace 'yar asalin ƙasar alama ce ta Latin Amurka; gaskiyar cewa matar tana bayanta kuma tana fuskantar arewa na iya mayar da martani ga halin maraba kamar alamar kariyar.
Kakakin da yalwa. Arzikin Mexico - wanda ke da buri da mallakar masu gata a ciki da masu iko a waje - ya kasance sanadiyyar haifar da matsalolin cikin gida da na waje. Taswirar Mexico, cornucopia da katako mai haske a cikin siffar itacen da Indiyawan ke ɗauke da shi, ya bayyana cewa irin wadatar da ƙasar ke da ita ita ce gicciyen mutanen Meziko kuma asalin duk azabar su.
Shahadar Cuauhtémoc. Last Aztec tlacatecuhtli, Cuauhtémoc yana nuna kuzari da stoicism na tseren Indiya.
Zárraga ya ci gaba da aikinsa na zane-zane a sassa daban-daban na Faransa, kuma a cikin 1930s ana ɗaukar shi ɗan baƙon ƙetare wanda ke karɓar izini mafi yawa don zana bango a wannan ƙasar.
A cikin 1935 Zárraga ya yi amfani da fasahar fresco a karon farko a bangon gidan Chapel na Mai Fansa, a Guébriante, Haute-Savoie, waɗannan, tare da aikinsa mai kyau, sun ba shi damar zama jami'in Legion of Honor.
Yaƙin Duniya na II ya ɓarke kuma 1940 shekara ce mai wahalar gaske ga mai zanen, amma a ranar 2 ga Yuni - ranar da aka yi babban harin bam a Paris - Zárraga, wanda ba shi da cikakken kulawa, ya ci gaba da zana frescoes a ɗakin sujada na ɗaliban Jami'ar Jami'ar Paris. "Ba don kwarin gwiwa ba ne, amma don wannan kaddarar da mu 'yan Mexico ke da ita."
Aikinsa baya nisanta shi daga abubuwan da suka girgiza duniya. Ta hanyar Rediyon Paris yana jagorantar jerin shirye-shirye waɗanda aka keɓe don farfaɗar da ƙiyayya da 'yan Nazi a Latin Amurka. Kodayake shi ɗan fasaha ne wanda ya nisanta daga siyasa, Zárraga ya kasance mai bin ɗarikar Katolika, kuma ban da zane-zane ya rubuta waƙoƙi, tarihi da kuma rubuce-rubuce masu zurfi kan al'amuran fasaha.
A farkon 1941, wanda gwamnatin Meziko ta taimaka, Zárraga ya dawo ƙasarmu tare da matarsa da ƙaramar ’yarsa. Bayan isowarsa, bai fahimci ma'anar da aikin masu zane-zane a Mexico ba. Ba daidai ba labarin mai zanan Durango ya samo asali ne daga jahilcin sa game da Mexico bayan juyin-juya hali. Tunanin da ya tuna kawai ya nutse a cikin Frenchification da Turai da zamanin Porfirian.
A Meziko, ya zauna a babban birni, ya kafa situdiyo inda yake ba da darasi, ya zana wasu hotuna kuma, wanda mai tsara gine-ginen Mario Pani ya ba da izini, ya fara zane bango a 1942 a cikin ɗakunan Bankers Club na ginin Guardiola. Mai zane ya zaɓi dukiya a matsayin takensa.
Ya kuma yi fresco a dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Abbot kuma a kusan 1943 ya fara aikinsa mafi girma a Cathedral of Monterrey.
Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, mai zanen ya yi aiki a frescoes huɗu a cikin Laburaren Meziko: Son Ginawa, Gaggarumin Fahimta, Jikin Humanan Adam da Hasashe, amma ya kammala na farko kawai.
Ángel Zárraga ya mutu ne saboda ciwon huhu yana da shekaru 60, a ranar 22 ga Satumba, 1946. A saboda wannan dalili Salvador Novo ya rubuta a cikin Labarai: “An shafe shi da darajar Turai, gwargwadon yadda ya dawo, fiye da wanda ya yi ado. Diego Rivera a farkon lokacinsa ... amma a ranar da ya koma mahaifarsa, mahaifarsa ta rigaya ta amince da yarda da abin da, a tsakanin talakawa, ta makarantar Rivera, kuma da gaske, zanen ilimi , ta Ángel Zárraga, ya kasance baƙon abu, mai rikitarwa ... Ya kasance ɗan zanen ɗan asalin Mexico wanda kishin ƙasa ya sa mutum ya yi tunanin Saturnino Herrán, Ramos Martínez, ya kammala ko ya canza zuwa ga ƙwarewar masarauta ta zamani ... Bai yi sassauci game da salon da ya tarar yana da alaƙa ba lokacin da ya dawo. kasarsa ".
Babban tushe na bayanai don rubutun wannan labarin sun fito ne daga: Sha'awar duniyar da ba ta da iyaka. Ángel Zárraga a dokar Mexico a Paris, na María Luisa López Vieyra, Museum of Art of Art, da Ángel Zárraga. Tsakanin misalai da kishin ƙasa, rubuce-rubuce daga Elisa García-Barragán, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen.
