Da matsakaicin shekara-shekara shine guguwar wurare masu zafi guda 80, tare da dorewar ƙananan ƙananan iska fiye da 60 km / h, game da Kashi 66% daga cikinsu sun kai ƙarfin fiye da kilomita 120 a sa'a ɗaya.
Ba kamar sauran tsarin juyawa da ke faruwa a sararin samaniya ba, mahaukaciyar guguwar wurare masu zafi suna da dumi tsakiyar tsakiya hakan ya bunkasa a cikin ɓangaren tsakiya, kasancewa memba mai buƙata don samuwarta da kiyaye shi.
Tauraron Dan Adam wata muhimmiyar taimako ce don gano waɗannan guguwa da bin hanyar da suke bi. A mafi yawan lokuta, sun bayar da kyakkyawan kiyasi na tsananin guguwar. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, cibiyoyin lura da kasashen duniya daga wurare daban-daban suma an fadada su da bayanai daga jiragen ruwa, jiragen leken asiri, tashoshin tsibiri, karar sautin yanayi da kuma radars.
Godiya ga wannan bayanin, yana yiwuwa a sami cikakken hoto mai daidaituwa game da yawan alaƙar haɗin kai wanda ke bayyana dalilin da yasa guguwa masu zafi ta ƙasa keɓaɓɓu, halayensu na musamman na tsarin sauye-sauye a tsarin. Kari akan haka, akwai samfuran masu kuzari da lissafi don hango hangen nesa game da halayenta na gaba a cikin gajeren lokaci.
An kirkiro Cyclones a cikin teku musamman idan akwai ruwan dumi tare da yanayin yanayin teku mafi girma fiye da 26 ° C kuma kyakkyawan yanayin iskar da ke kadawa a arewaci da kudanci (iskokin kasuwanci) suna haɗuwa kusa da Equator lokaci-lokaci asalin cibiyoyin ƙananan matsa lamba. Iska a yankin da ke kewaye da shi yana gudana zuwa ƙananan matsi sannan kuma yana ƙaruwa da ƙaruwar iska mai zafi da danshi wanda ke sakin tururin ruwa.
Heatarnataccen zafin da aka samu ta hanƙar tururin ruwa shine babban nau'in makamashi. Da zarar motsi sama zuwa sama ya fara, zai kasance tare da shigarwa a ƙananan matakan kuma ta hanyar dacewa daidai a matakan sama. Arƙashin tasirin Earthasa, iska na haɗuwa, yana juyawa, kuma yana fara motsi cikin yanayin madauwari.
Juyin halittar guguwa mai zafi zuwa ƙasa ya kasu kashi hudu:
Nauyin yanayin zafi na wurare masu zafi. Iska ta fara karuwa a samaniya da matsakaicin gudu (matsakaita a minti daya) na 62 km / h ko kasa da haka, gizagizai sun fara tsarawa kuma, matsin ya sauka zuwa kimanin raka'a 1 000 (hectopascals).
Tropical bakin ciki tasowa. Yana samo halayyar guguwar wurare masu zafi, tunda iska tana ci gaba da ƙaruwa cikin matsakaicin gudu tsakanin 63 zuwa 118 km / h wanda ya haɗa. An rarraba gizagizai a cikin karkace kuma karamin ido ya fara samuwa, kusan kowane lokaci madauwari ne. An rage matsa lamba zuwa ƙasa da 1 000 hpa. A wannan rukunin sunan an tsara shi bisa ga jerin Kungiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya.
Guguwa mai zafi na ƙaruwa. Yana mallakar halayyar guguwa, tunda iska tana ƙaruwa a iyakar iyakar saurin 119 km / h ko fiye. Yankin gajimare yana faɗaɗa samun iyakarta tsakanin 500 zuwa 900 kilomita a diamita, yana samar da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Idon mahaukaciyar guguwa wanda diamita ya banbanta tsakanin kilomita 24 zuwa 40 yanki ne mara nutsuwa da girgije.
A wannan matakin na balaga, an yi amfani da guguwa ta amfani da sikelin Saffir-Simpson.
Iskar guguwa mafi ƙarfi tana faruwa a ƙananan matakan, wanda ke ƙaruwa tare da ikon oda biyu a cikin saurin iska kuma saboda wannan dalili zasu iya zama masu lalacewa sosai, inda haɗuwa da farfajiyar ke haifar da ɓarkewar ƙarfi ta hanyar rikici.
Dangane da tsananin guguwa, ya zama dole cewa juzu'in ciki, zuwa sama da waje ya fi watsarwa saboda ɓarkewa, kuma idan har suna cikin yanayin rauninsu, wannan yanayin juyawar ya zama ƙasa da yadda aka faɗi. tanadi.
A iyaka na sama, matsakaicin ƙarfin guguwa yana tabbata ne da yanayin zafin ruwan da yake jujjuyawa da motsawa: tsananin iska a cikin layin iyaka sama da shi, gwargwadon yankin bangon ido zai iya kiyayewa ƙananan matsa lamba la'akari da kwanciyar hankali wanda ke faruwa a matakan sama.
Yayinda yanayin yanayin-zafi yake nuna ɗan bambanci a yankuna masu zafi, yanayin yanayin teku yana nuna bambancin karfi. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa zafin yanayin saman teku yana da mahimmanci a ƙayyade wurin da matsakaicin ƙarfin da guguwa mai zafi zata iya kaiwa.
Sakamakon haka, mahaukaciyar guguwa ba ta zama ko ta ci gaba ba ko ta ta'azzara sai dai idan sun kasance a saman tekun na wurare masu zafi wanda yanayin yanayin teku ya fi 26 ° C, kuma ba sa yin ƙasa ko zama a cikin ƙasa kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin ƙarancin matsin lamba da guguwar iska.
Watsawa. Wannan babban addi yana kiyaye shi kuma yana ciyar dashi ta hanyar ruwan dumi har sai da ya shiga ruwan sanyi ko lokacin shiga cikin babban yankin, da sauri ya rasa kuzarin sa ya fara narkewa saboda gogayyar da motsin shi ya haifar a ƙasa, gajimare ya fara watsewa.
Yankunan da suke faruwa mafi yawanci
Ajalin "guguwa" Ya samo asali ne daga sunan da Mayan da Indiyawan Indiya suka ba allahn hadari. Amma wannan sanannen yanayin yanayi sananne ne a cikin Indiya tare da ajalin guguwa; a cikin Philippines An kira shi baguio; a arewa maso yamma pacific shi ake kira guguwa; kuma a cikin Ostiraliya, Willy-Willy.
Akwai yankuna shida a duniya inda za'a iya lura da kasancewar guguwa: a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere, Atlantic, Northeast Pacific, Northwest Pacific, da Arewacin Indiya. A Kudancin Kudancin Kudu, Kudancin Indiya da Ostiraliya da Kudu maso Yammacin Fasifik.
LOKUTTON CYCLONE A CIKIN MEXICO
A game da Tekun Atlantika, basin na Caribbean da Tekun Mexico, yawan shekara-shekara na guguwa masu zafi shine tara a matsakaita don lokacin daga 1958 zuwa 1996, tare da jimlar jeri daga 4 zuwa 19. Yanayin yanayi yana bayyane sosai, farawa a watan Yuni har zuwa Nuwamba; watan da yafi kowane aiki shine Satumba.
Wadanda ake kira guguwa a arewa maso gabashin Tekun Fasifik sun dauki nauyin 16 na lokacin 1968 zuwa 1996; bambancin yanayi tare da iyakar 25 da kuma mafi ƙarancin 6. Yanayin yana farawa a ranar 15 ga Mayu kuma ya ƙare a Nuwamba 30, watan da ya fi kowane aiki a cikin watan Agusta.
A cikin waɗannan sararin samaniyar jirgin ruwa akwai nuances huɗu na ƙarniyin bala'in iska:
Na farko Tana cikin Tekun Tehuantepec kuma ana aiki da ita gaba ɗaya a makon da ya gabata na Mayu. Mahaukaciyar guguwa da ke bayyana a wannan lokacin suna tafiya yamma daga Mexico; waɗanda aka ƙirƙiro daga watan Yuli zuwa gaba suna bayanin parabola daidai da gabar tekun Pacific kuma wani lokacin sukan ratsa ƙasar.
Yanki na biyu yana cikin yanki kudancin Tekun Meziko, a cikin abin da ake kira "Sonda de Campeche". Guguwar da aka haifa a nan ta bayyana kamar na Yuni tare da hanyar arewa, arewa maso yamma, wanda ya shafi Veracruz da Tamaulipas.
Na uku yana cikin yankin gabas na Tekun Caribbean, bayyana a watan Yuli kuma musamman tsakanin watan Agusta da Oktoba. Waɗannan guguwa suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, suna tasiri Yucatan akai-akai kuma Florida, a Amurka.
Na huɗu shine gabashin yankin Atlantic kuma ana kunna shi akasari a watan Agusta. Guguwa ce mafi ƙarfi da tsawo, gabaɗaya suna tafiya yamma, suna kutsawa cikin Tekun Caribbean, Yucatán, Tamaulipas da Veracruz, amma kuma suna yawan komawa arewa, suna shafar gabar Amurka.
AMFANIN KWAYOYI AKAN YADDA AKEYI DA YANAYI
Mahaukaciyar guguwa mai zafi na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da lahani. Mafi mahimman abubuwan yanayin yanayi waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewa sune:
Ofarfin iskar guguwa wanda ke aiwatarwa ko rusa abubuwa, yana haifar da motsi zuwa ruwan tekuna kuma yana matsin lamba mai ƙarfi a saman.
Guguwar hadari wani tashin lokaci ne na wani lokaci a matakin teku kusa da gabar da aka kafa ta hanyar wucewar yankin tsakiyar guguwa, wanda ya faru ne saboda iska mai karfi da ke kadawa zuwa kasa, zuwa bambancin matsin yanayi tsakanin ido guguwa da kewaye. Wannan igiyar ruwa na iya kaiwa tsayi fiye da mita 6, gangara mai laushi ta seabed zai iya haifar da tarin ruwa ta iska saboda haka guguwar da ta fi hakan girma.
Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya da ke rakiyar guguwa mai zafi na iya haifar da zaftarewar kasa tare da haifar da ambaliya.
Yawan jama'a a gabar tekun duniya ya sanya babu makawa tasirin tasirin guguwa masu zafi a kan bil'adama zai karu a kan lokaci, kamar yadda ya faru a shekarun baya-bayan nan a Mexico. Hakanan, kafofin watsa labarai, sufuri da kuma noman aikin gona ya sami matsala.
Dangane da bayanan shigar ruwa na guguwa na wurare masu zafi, yana cikin jihohin Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Quintana Roo da Tamaulipas inda suka fi shiga.
MAFI YAWAN GASKIYA TATTALIN ARZIKI DA SUKA HANA A KASASHEN KASA
Guguwar Gilberto za a iya ware ta ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsananin har zuwa wannan karnin. Mafi munin lalacewar da ta haifar ya faru ne a cikin jihohin Quintana Roo, Yucatan, Tamaulipas da Nuevo León, kuma zuwa ƙaramin digiri a Campeche da Coahuila. A wasu yankuna ya haifar da asarar rayukan ɗan adam da illar sa masu yawa. Ya bar tasirinsa na ayyukan noma, sadarwa, bincike da kayan more rayuwa.
Dangane da tasirin sauyin yanayi, waɗannan al'amuran suna ƙayyade ƙaruwa a cikin ruwan sama yafi a cikin Arewa maso yamma, Arewa, da arewa maso gabas, inda ake samun yankuna masu bushewa na kasar, kuma a cikin su an bunkasa manyan wurare na ban ruwa, kuma a halin yanzu wannan ci gaban tattalin arzikin yana kai wani mataki inda ruwa ya fara zama abin iyakancewa Don abubuwan da suka dace.
Guguwar wurare masu zafi na duka yankunan tekun Mexico sun kasance a muhimmin tushe na ruwan sama da sake shigar ruwa aquifers a lokacin yanayi daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba. Duk wannan yankin yana karkashin bambance-bambancen tsarin mulki na ruwan sama kuma mafi mahimmancin ruwan sama shine mai alaƙa da tasirin waɗannan mahaukaciyar guguwa; rashin dawowar su na tsawon lokaci a lokacin bazara abu ne da zai iya haifar da fari a wannan yankin.
Lokaci da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara an san cewa yana da alaƙa da ma'ana zafin jiki kuma yawanci rashi yawanci ana tare dashi haɓaka yanayin zafi da haɓaka ƙarancin ruwa da rage laima.
Kamar dai da alama a cikin canjin yanayi na yanayi akwai tsawan lokuta masu bushewa a cikin wannan yanki, yiwuwar yiwuwar yawan fari (mummunan hazo mai haɗari) yana da alaƙa da ƙaramar kutsawar waɗannan guguwa ko canji a cikin su trajectories wanda suke haɓaka nesa da bakin teku.
YAYA ZANYI LOKACIN DA HANA TA FITO?
Aji kayan taimako na farko, rediyo da tocila tare da kayan gyara, ruwan da aka tafasa a cikin kwantena da aka rufe, abinci mai gwangwani, abubuwan shawagi, da muhimman takardu da aka ajiye a buhunan roba.
Kiyaye rediyo mai amfani da batirin don karbar bayanai .. Rufe kofofi da tagogi, a ciki ana kare tagogin da tef mai sanyawa a cikin sifar X. Kiyaye duk wasu abubuwa marasa iska da iska zata iya busawa. Cire eriyar eriya, alamomi ko wasu abubuwan rataya .auki dabbobin (idan kuna da dabbobin) da kayan aikin zuwa wurin da aka tsara. Yi suturar dumi ko ruwa a hannu. Rufe kayan aiki ko abubuwa waɗanda ruwa zai iya lalata su da buhunan filastik. Tsaftace rufin, magudanan ruwa, magudanan ruwa da magudanan ruwa, da kuma share titi ta hanyar tsabtace magudanar da kyau. Cika motar motar motar (idan kun mallake ta) kuma tabbatar cewa batirin yana cikin yanayi mai kyau. Rufe murfin rijiyoyi ko tafkuna tare da cakuda don samun ajiyar ruwa mara tsafta. Idan ka yanke shawarar matsawa zuwa matsugunin da aka riga aka tsara, da zarar an amintar da gidanka, ɗauki muhimman abubuwan a ciki.
Source: Mexico da ba a sani ba A'a. 248 / Oktoba 1997
