Lokacin da muka isa bakin Busilhá, mai kula da Kogin Usumacinta, ba za mu iya gaskanta abin da muka gani ba: kyakkyawan ruwa mai ban sha'awa, wanda waƙar sa ke nuna yanayi.
Lacandon Jungle, wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Mexico, a cikin jihar Chiapas, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mahimman ƙarfi daga cikin gandun daji masu zafi mai zafi a Arewacin Amurka. Saboda dabi'unta, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin mai kula da yanayi da ruwan sama; Ciyawar dajin Lacandon iri ne da ake kira dazuzzuka mai yawan gaske da karamin-bishiyar, yanayi yana da 22 ° C a matsakaici a kowace shekara kuma ruwan sama ya wuce 2,500 cm3 a kowace shekara; a cikin babban yankinsa ɗayan manyan kogunan ƙasarmu ya sami hanyar, wanda mazaunan wurin ke kira "Padre Usumacinta".
Don samun ra'ayi game da halittu masu yawa, ya isa a ambaci cewa akwai nau'ikan fiye da dubu 15 na malam buɗe ido mara kyau, nau'ikan kifaye 65, nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 84, 300 na tsuntsaye da 163 na dabbobi masu shayarwa, ƙari kuma, umarni 2 da iyalai 6 ne ke wakiltar amphibians.
Akwai ayyuka da yawa waɗanda ake gudanarwa a cikin Dajin Lacandon: daga mai amfani zuwa cirewa, ta hanyar ayyukan noma, kiyayewa da ayyukan yawon buɗe ido; A karshen lamarin, Lacandona - kamar yadda aka sani ba bisa ka'ida ba - yana da babban karfi wanda, idan aka tsara shi da kyau, zai iya zama mai yanke hukunci a kiyaye yankin, tare da wakiltar madadin kudin shiga na tattalin arziki ga mazauna yankin.
Ecotourism - wanda aka fahimta a matsayin aikin da ke da alhakin, wanda aka ba da shi musamman zuwa yankunan da ba a rikice ko rikice ba - zai zama ɗayan mafi kyawun kayan aiki don haɓaka ci gaba mai ɗorewa tare da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙin cikin gida da kiyayewa na Lacandona.
Don sanin ɗayan abubuwan al'ajabi na wannan kusurwar na Meziko, mun yanke shawarar yin yawon shakatawa a cikin dajin, wanda ya fara a Palenque, ɗayan manyan biranen Mayan na zamani wanda, tare da Bonampak, Toniná da Yaxchilán, sune suka fi yawa muhimmin yankin Mayan a wannan yankin - ba tare da rage mahimmancin wasu ba inda akwai kuma wayewar wayewa wanda, a lokacin, bai sami iyaka ba kuma ya bazu a yawancin Amurka ta Tsakiya.
Makasudin balaguron shine sanin daya daga cikin kogunan da aka samo a cikin hadadden tsarin samar da ruwa na Lacandon Jungle, wanda ake kira a cikin "tukunyar ruwa" a Mayanbusilháo. Muna bin hanyar da ta tashi daga Palenque zuwa dajin da ke kan babbar hanyar kudu; a kilomita 87 akwai yankin Nueva Esperanza Progresista, kyautar kananan kadarori wanda ƙarshen kogin yake.
Abokin hulɗarmu ta farko shine ma'aikacin wata karamar motar bas akan hanyar Nueva Esperanza Progresista-Palenque. (Ya bar garin da karfe 6:00 na safe kuma ya dawo da 2:00 na rana, don haka idan kuna son ɗaukar wannan hanyar dole ne ku kasance a Palenque da ƙarfe 11:00 na safe) An daidaita hanyar sosai har sai kilomita 87 inda zaku ɗauki rarar datti na kilomita 3 zuwa tsakiyar garin. A nan ne tafiya da karatunmu na kwanan nan na daji suka fara gaske, godiya ga Don Aquiles Ramírez wanda, tare da ɗansa, ya jagorantar da mu ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Kashi na farko na tafiya zuwa kogin Busilhá ana iya yin shi a ƙafa ko ta hanyar babbar mota ta hanyar rata a cikin yanayi mai kyau, abin hawa na iya ɗauke da kayan aikin da gangarowa daga kogin Usumacinta ke yi har zuwa jihar Tabasco; A nan wannan kogin ya rasa hanya kuma ya ƙare a wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa za ta mamaye, wanda ke wakiltar wata kasada mara misaltuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi da rikici. Mun wuce ta hanyar kananan kadarori ko wuraren kiwo wadanda manyan ayyukansu su ne noma da kiwo, kuma mun fahimci ba tare da kokari sosai ba cewa akwai karancin ciyayi na halitta: kawai mun ga makiyaya da gonakin masara.
Kashi na biyu na sashin nisan kilomita 7.3 ne daga jama'a zuwa bakin kogin. Yanzu ciyayi da aka canza sun cakuɗe da na yanki na yanki, kuma yayin da muka kusanci inda muke zuwa zamu sami wasu abubuwa na halitta, kamar shuke-shuke, manyan bishiyoyi, tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi. Wata hanyar zuwa can ita ce daga Frontera Corozal, wani gari mai asalin Chol wanda yake kilomita 170 daga Palenque zuwa gabas. Daga nan yana yiwuwa a gangara zuwa Kogin Usumacinta ya isa bakin Busilhá.
Kogin Busilhá an haife shi ne a mahadar Kogin Lacantún - wanda ya fito daga gefen kudancin Lacandona Forest - tare da kogunan Pasión da Salinas - wanda ya samo asali ne daga yankin arewa maso yamma na Guatemala-. Tasharta ta fadada sama da kilomita 80 daga tsaunin Lacandón, a yankin da ake kira El Desempeño, tana ratsawa ta cikin al'ummomi da yawa har sai da ta kai karshenta kuma ta jinjina wa Usumacinta, da kuma sauran koguna na wannan hadadden hanyar sadarwar. .
Yawon shakatawa na yankin arewacin daji yana ba da labarin tarihinsa na kwanan nan: manyan ƙasashe waɗanda aka buɗe wa dabbobi da noma, wanda ya dogara da shuka masarar da ke ko'ina (Zaman mays) da ƙanana (Capsicum annum). Amma tsakanin wadannan da gabar kogunan mun sami yanayin ciyayi na yankin, kamar su itacen al'ul ja (Cedrela odorata), mahogany (Swietenia macrophilla), jovillo (Astronium graveolens) tsakanin lianas (Monstera sp.) Da dabino iri-iri. .
Tsuntsaye suna shawagi akanmu don neman abinci ko wurin zuwa; da toucan (Ramphastus sulfuratus), tattabarai da parakeets sune na hali; yayin da muke kallon su za mu iya jin kukan kukan birrai (Alouatta pigra) kuma mu ji daɗin kallon da otter (Lontra ngicaudis) suka samar yayin yin iyo a cikin kogin. A cikin yankin akwai kuma raccoons, armadillos da wasu dabbobin da suka fi wahalar kiyayewa saboda halayensu.
Mazauna unguwar Esperanza Progresista suna da, kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, fatan aiwatar da ayyukan ecotourism. Ofungiya ce ta ƙananan masu mallakar da ta samo asali shekaru 22 da suka gabata tare da mutanen da suka zo daga Macuspana (Tabasco), Palenque da Pichucalco (Chipas). Jagoranmu, Don Aquiles Ramírez, ɗan shekara 60, wanda ya kafa wannan yankin kuma kuma yana da ƙwarewa sosai a cikin dajin, ya gaya mana: “Na zo cikin dajin shekaru 37 da suka gabata, na bar inda na fito domin babu ƙasar da za ta aiki da kuma wadanda suka mallake su suka rike mu kamar 'yan kwadago. "
Tare da rufe hakar katako da kamfanonin suka yi, waɗanda suke a cikin manyan kogunan Jandar Lacandon (Jataté, Usumacinta, Chocolhá, Busilhá, Perlas, da sauransu), yawancin ƙananan al'ummomi sun kasance a keɓe a cikin dajin. Tare da buɗe hanyoyi don haƙo mai, mutanen da suka zo daga arewa da tsakiyar jihar Chiapas sun mallake manyan yankuna. Groupsungiyoyi da yawa sun karɓi shawarwarin su na agaji tare da ƙididdiga waɗanda suka haɗu da ƙa'idodin ofungiyar Lacandona da Montes Azules Reserve kanta.
Tare da baiwa kasa da kuma samuwar kungiyar Lacandon tsakanin 1972 da 1976, yawancin kananan al'ummomi an sake matsugunansu a wuraren da ake kira Cibiyoyin Yawan Jama'a, wanda mazauna yankin basu samu fitowar cikakkiyar yarda ba.
Tsakanin matsin lamba na kamfanonin sare itace da gwagwarmayar zamantakewar yanki, a cikin 1975 wuta ta tashi wacce ta bazu a sama da hekta dubu 50 kuma ta dauki tsawon watanni; Albarkatun kasa a yankin arewacin daji sun lalace kuma wani yanki mai kyau na yankin da abin ya shafa ya zama makiyaya da ƙasar noma.
Bayan shekaru da yawa, hanyar ƙarshe ta zo; tare da shi, sufuri da kuma baƙi da yawa da ke sha'awar godiya ga wuraren gandun daji na yanayi a ɗayan yankuna na Meziko tare da mafi girman ilimin ɗabi'a da al'adu.
Aya daga cikin fa'idodi na shimfida hanyoyi ko kwalta shi ne cewa suna sauƙaƙa sanin yawancin wuraren tarihi, kayan tarihi da na al'adu waɗanda a baya aka rufe saboda rashin damar shiga, amma rashin fa'ida ita ce cewa ba a kiyaye su sosai ko kuma sun more su sosai. Bugu da kari, tasirin muhalli da hanyoyi suka samar da kuma yawon shakatawa mara kyau da aka tsara ya lalata albarkatun kasa da na al'adu wadanda suke rayuwa tare a wadannan wurare, kuma suna fuskantar hadarin rasa su har abada.
Tsakanin tattaunawa da Don Aquiles da dansa, mun shiga cikin daji har sai mun isa inda muke. Nunawa daga nesa muna godiya ga kogin da yazo yaci gaba da tafiya; mun kai bakinta kuma, kamar labulen lu'u-lu'u mai jujjuya, da alama ya biya babbar lada saboda ƙarfin halin da ya fuskanta na fuskantar babban dutse. Kogin Busilhá ya miƙa wuya lokacin da ya haɗu da Usumacinta, ba komai ba face ya sauka.
Saboda banbancin tsawo, bakin Busilhá yana samar da ruwa mai ban sha'awa. A can ya kasance, mai kyau da kyau, tare da digo na farko na mita bakwai a tsayi kuma daga baya ya samar da matakai daban-daban kamar ya dusashe harajin sa.
Bayan mun yaba da shi kuma mun more mintuna na bimbini na tunani da kuma yaba da mahalli, sai muka yanke shawarar yin iyo a cikin ruwansa da kuma bincika shi. Taimakon da aka yi mana ta hanyar sauka ta tsakanin duwatsun da ke kusa da tsalle na farko kuma a cikin tafkin da aka kafa mun sami damar nutsar da kanmu cikin ruwan. Matakan da suka biyo baya sun gayyace mu muyi ƙoƙari mu bi tafarkinsu, kodayake mun yi la'akari da cewa mataki na biyu ne kawai ya ba mu damar tsalle ba tare da haɗari ba.
Lokacin da Kogin Usumacinta ya tashi a lokacin damina, an rufe ƙananan matakan ruwan kuma tsirai biyu ne kawai suka rage; amma ba tare da wannan ba shine ƙarancin ruwan raƙuman ruwa ƙasa. Yin rangadi tare da katako ta wannan ɓangaren Usumacinta yana da ban sha'awa kuma dama ce ta musamman don saduwa da yanayi.
Ta haka ne ƙare wannan ƙwarewar a cikin Lacandon Jungle. Idan muka ƙara tafiya da shi, haka nan za mu fahimci yadda ba mu san shi ba sosai.
