Hamadar Chihuahuan gida ce ga sirruka marasa adadi: sararin samaniya wanda ba za a iya fahimtarsa ba, ramuka masu zurfin gaske, koguna masu fatalwa, da kuma furannin fure da ke lalata daddawa da launuka masu launuka.
Hakanan yana kare ɗayan ƙananan wurare kaɗan a duniya waɗanda ke ƙetare iyakokin tunanin ɗan adam: Polvorillas, ko kuma kamar yadda mutanen wurin ke faɗi, “wurin duwatsu a saman”.
Tafiya tsakanin waɗannan duwatsu yana nufin shiga labyrinth inda sarari yake canzawa kuma lokaci yana wucewa tsakanin sa'o'i masu saurin, mintuna masu annashuwa, da kuma lokutan lahira. Mutum yana sane da abubuwan sifa: ƙasa mai motsi, ruwan da yake malalawa, iska da ke kadawa, da zafin rana mara gajiya suna haɗuwa tare da sanyin dare tsawon shekaru, kuma tare suke sassaka da'irar, murabba'in, alwatika, fuskar mace, ma'aurata sun haɗu da sumbatar ma'adinai, tsirara daga baya. Tabbas, a cikin wannan wurin an kama alamun allahntaka: mai wuyar fahimta, mai saurin fahimta, maras tabbas.
Bayyanannun duwatsu yana ba da tarihin ƙasarmu, kamar murƙushewar dattijo yana tabbatar da rayuwarsa. Idan za su iya magana da mu, kalma daga gare su za ta yi shekaru goma; magana, karni. Kuma idan har zamu iya fahimtar dasu, me zasu gaya mana? Wataƙila za su gaya mana labarin da kakannin kakanninsu suka faɗi shekaru miliyan 87 da suka gabata ...
A cikin laburaren gidansa da ke garin Chihuahua, masanin ilmin ƙasa Carlos García Gutiérrez, ƙwararren mai fassarar yaren duwatsu kuma mai tattara tarihinsu, ya bayyana cewa a lokacin Babban Cretaceous ɗin Farallón ya fara kutsawa ƙasa da nahiyar Amurka, raisingaga babban tekun da ya tashi daga Kanada zuwa tsakiyar ƙasarmu. Lokacin Jurassic ya ga farkon aiwatar da subduction wanda ɗumbin duwatsu masu nauyi suka samu ƙarƙashin duwatsu masu haske. (Saboda nauyinsa, ana samun dutsen basalt a ƙasan tekun kuma an gabatar da shi a ƙarƙashin rhyolitic dutse, wanda ya fi sauƙi kuma ya zama jikin nahiyoyin.) Waɗannan rikice-rikicen sun canza yanayin ilimin halittar duniya, ya halicci tsaunuka kamar su da Andes da Himalayas, kuma sun haifar da girgizar ƙasa da fashewar dutsen.
A cikin Chihuahua, shekaru miliyan casa'in da suka gabata, gamuwa tsakanin farantin Farallón da nahiyarmu ya tilasta Tekun Mexico da ake kira Tekun Meziko komawa zuwa Tekun Mexico, aikin da zai ɗauki shekaru miliyan da yawa. A yau, kawai abin da muke tunawa da shi a wannan tekun shi ne babban tafkin Rio Grande kuma burbushin halittu masu rai: ammonites masu kyau, kawa na farko da kuma gutsattsarin murjani.
Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu motsa jiki sun haifar da wani lokaci na tsananin tsaunuka wanda ya faɗo daga kudu zuwa abin da yake a yau Rio Grande. Manyan tukunyar jirgi da suka kai kilomita ashirin a diamita sun bar makamashin da faranti ya yi karo da shi ya tsere, kuma dutsen da ke haskakawa ya sami fitowar sa ta hanyar ɓarkewar ƙugu a cikin ƙasa. Calderas suna da matsakaiciyar rayuwa ta shekaru miliyan, kuma lokacin da suka mutu sai suka bar manyan tsaunuka kewaye da su, waɗanda aka fi sani da madatsun zobe saboda sun kewaye ramuka kamar zobba kuma sun hana su yaduwa. A Meziko, zafin zafin narkakkar ya ɗan yi kaɗan, ya kai ɗari 700 kawai a maunin Celsius ba dubu ɗaya da aka rubuta a cikin dutsen Hawaii ba. Wannan ya ba da ƙarancin ruwa da halin fashewar abubuwa sosai ga volcanism na Mexico, kuma yawan fashewar abubuwa ya jefa toka mai yawa a sararin samaniya. Yayin da take gangarowa zuwa saman duniya, tokar ta taru a cikin daddawa kuma bayan lokaci ya yi tauri ya yi matsi. Lokacin da calderas a karshe suka kare kuma ayyukan tsaunuka suka lafa shekaru miliyan 22 da suka gabata, matakan tuff sun kafu.
Amma kasa bata taba zama ba. Sabbin ƙungiyoyi masu motsa jiki, waɗanda tuni basu da ƙarfi sosai, sun ragargaza ƙafafun daga arewa zuwa kudu, kuma saboda yanayin ɗabi'ar dutsen, an kafa sarƙoƙi na ƙananan tubalan. Tubalan suna juyewa saboda ƙyallen maƙunsar sun ƙirƙira su a cikin yadudduka. Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya a wancan lokacin, ya shafi bangarorin da suka fi rauni, wato, kaifafan bakinsu, kuma ya zagaye su da kwarin gwiwarsu. A cikin yaren duwatsu, wanda mutum ya fassara, irin wannan tsari yana da sunan yanayin yanayin yanayi.
Wadannan sauye-sauyen yanayin kasa sun tabbatar da bangarorin yau da kullun. Misali, aikin aman wuta ya shafe dukkan wuraren ajiyar mai a kudancin Rio Grande, kuma adadin da aka samu a Texas ne kawai ya tsira. A lokaci guda, gubar mai yalwa da jijiyoyin zinc suna mai da hankali a cikin Chihuahua, waɗanda ba su wanzu a ɗaya gefen hayin Rio Grande.
Kussan duwatsun suna bayyana makomar da ba za a iya tunanin ta ba. Shekaru miliyan 12 da suka gabata aka fara faɗaɗa tafkin Rio Grande. Kowace shekara Ojinaga yana nisan millan milimita daga kogin. A wannan yanayin, a tsakanin shekaru miliyan 100 wani babban bangare na jejin Chihuahuan zai sake zama teku, kuma za a nutsar da dukkan garuruwan da ke kan iyaka, ko kayan aikinsu. Dole ne mutum ya gina tashoshin jiragen ruwa don jigilar kayan na gaba. A wannan lokacin da alama duwatsun Polvorillas da suka rage, suna kiyaye manyan rairayin bakin teku masu.
A yau, hanyoyin da ba a saba gani ba sun bazu ko'ina cikin yankin kuma ya zama dole a bincika su da haƙuri don gano abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa. Ana bayyana sihirinsa cikin cikakken karfi lokacin fitowar alfijir, magariba, da hasken wata, lokacin da duwatsu suka sami kaifin baki. Wani lokaci sai ka ji kamar kana kan dabbar da keken da maganayoyinta suka kasance masu gudu, wanda ke nuna tarihin samuwarta. Tafiya a tsakiyar wannan shuru, mutum baya jin kansa shi kaɗai.
Polvorillas tana kwance a gindin Sierra del Virulento, a cikin gundumar Ojinaga. Tafiya daga Camargo zuwa Ojinaga, kimanin mil arba'in daga La Perla, ya yanke wata hanyar datti zuwa dama. Ramin ya ratsa El Virulento kuma, bayan tafiyar kilomita 45, kun isa tsakiyar gidaje, kusa da makarantar firamare. Inhabitantsananan mazaunan can sun sadaukar da wurin kiwon shanu da kuma samar da cuku mai laushi daga awaki da shanu (duba Ba a Sanar da Mexico No. 268). Kodayake akwai wasu yara da ke wasa tsakanin duwatsu, yawancin mazaunan maza tsofaffi ne saboda matasa suna zuwa biranen birni da farko don fara karatun sakandare sannan su sami aiki a maquiladoras.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa masu datti waɗanda suka haɗa wannan yanki tare da Santa Elena Canyon Reserve. Masu hamada na hamada na iya gano hanyar su tare da taimakon kyakkyawan taswirar INEGI kuma tare da alamun mazaunan yankin. Motoci masu motsi-huɗu sun zama dole, amma kayan alatun dole ne su zama sama da ƙasa kuma direba ba zai yi gaggawa ba, don ya iya daidaitawa da abubuwan da ke faruwa a hukumar. Ruwa yana da mahimmanci - ɗan adam na iya ɗaukar fiye da sati ba tare da ya ci abinci ba, amma ya mutu bayan kwana biyu ko uku ba tare da ruwa ba - kuma yakan zama mai sabo idan aka kwantar da shi da daddare kuma an nade shi da barguna don tafiya. Man fetur da aka saya a gefen hanya ko a cikin cibiyoyin jama'a yana da tsada, amma yana da kyau ku shiga yankin tare da cikakken tanki idan kuna shirin yin doguwar tafiya. Tauna cingam yana da kyau don rufe ƙaramin rami a cikin tanka na gas, kuma yakamata ku kawo kyawawan tayoyi da injin famfo don kumbura. Yana da kyau a ziyarci waɗannan yankuna a lokacin bazara, kaka ko hunturu, saboda zafin lokacin zafi yana da ƙarfi ƙwarai. Aƙarshe, idan ya shafi samun matsaloli, mazauna ƙauyen suna taimaka sosai, tunda sun fahimci cewa taimakon juna shine ke sanya rayuwa cikin hamada.
Saboda fadadawa da kebantuwar duwatsu, wannan wurin muhimmin gado ne, wanda ya cancanci girmamawa da kulawa mai yawa. Game da ci gaban yawon shakatawa, Polvorillas suna raba matsaloli iri ɗaya kamar wurare da yawa a cikin Hamadar Chihuahuan: rashin kayayyakin more rayuwa, ƙarancin ruwa da ƙarancin sha'awa ga tsarin haɓaka masu dacewa da yanayin hamada da ayyukan raba a cikin ejidos. A cikin 1998 an gabatar da aikin yawon bude ido, amma har zuwa yau komai ya kasance a cikin alamomi biyu na harsuna biyu a gefen titi yana sanar da Piedras Encimadas; keɓewa da kuma rashin kayan otal ba su yi fa'ida ga yawan zuwan baƙi ba, wanda zai iya zama mai kyau ga kiyaye wurin.
Hamada yanki ne mai kazamin yanayi, amma mutanen da suka koyi sauya jin daɗin yawon buɗe ido na yau da kullun don ƙwarewar masarufi sun koma wurarensu na asali tare da ƙarin kusancin sanin abubuwan rayuwar da za su ciyar da su har zuwa sauran. na kwanakinsa.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 286 / Disamba 2000
