Adana al'ada a cikin asalin ta fiye da shekaru 400, kamar su Puebla talavera, ƙalubale ne. Sabbin fasahohi da kuma zamani na zamani sun nuna canje-canje a cikin tsarin samfuranta, cikin ƙirarta da kuma yadda take tsarawa.
Masana'antu da yawa sun sabunta wannan tsohuwar al'adar, duk da haka akwai wasu waɗanda har yanzu ana gudanar da kerar farin kaya da fale-fale tare da ainihin fasahohin ƙarni na 16. Daga cikin su, gidan Talavera de la Reyna ya yi fice, wani bita ne mai inganci da inganci. Wanda ya kirkiro ta kuma mai tallata ta Angélica Moreno yana da babban maƙasudin tun daga farko: “Don ƙera mafi kyawun tukwane a jihar Puebla. Don cimma wannan - ya gaya mana - muna amfani da tsarin gargajiya: daga zaɓin yumɓu, dunƙulewa da ƙafa (shiryayye), aiki a kan dabaran, ƙyalli ko ƙyalli da ƙera goge ta maginin tukwane da kansu don ado. na guda. Muna ɗaya daga cikin workan bitocin da ke bin matakai kamar na kakanninmu wajen samar da talavera ”.
Rikicin asali
Don kariya ga wannan sana'ar ta gargajiya, gwamnati ta ba da Denabi'ar Asalin Talavera D04 da Officiala'idar Manyan Meziko. Dangane da gwaji da kuskure, Angélica ya koyi asirin wannan fasaha, sannu a hankali ya sami ingantaccen kayan aiki wanda aka fara watsa shi ta hanyar magana da baki. Ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1990, aka ƙaddamar da bitar Talavera de la Reyna bisa ƙa'ida, ta hanyar, ɗayan ƙarami ne aka kafa a jihar.
Ba su gamsu da samar da ingantaccen talavera ba, sun gayyaci masu zane-zane na zamani don yin aiki tare da dabarar. "Muna buƙatar sake darajar al'adun kakanninmu, wanda ya shafi masu zane-zane na zamani: masu zane, masu sassaka, maginin tukwane da masu zane." Maestro José Lazcarro ya halarci kuma jim kaɗan bayan haka, ƙungiyar masu zane-zane 20 suka yi aiki a can har tsawon shekaru uku; a karshen, sun gabatar da baje kolin "Talavera, Vanguard Tradition", wanda aka bude a gidan kayan tarihi na Amparo a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1997 tare da gagarumar nasara.
An kuma nuna wannan samfurin a Maison Hamel-Bruneau a cikin Quebec, kuma wani ɓangare na shi a Americanungiyar Amurka, Amurka (1998). Shekaru daga baya, ta mamaye babban wuri a cikin Gallery of Modern Art and Design a cikin garin Puebla (2005) da sunan "Alarca 54 Artemporary Artists", kuma nune-nune na baya-bayan nan ya faru ne a cikin National Museum of Fine Arts (Namoc) ), a cikin birnin Beijing (China); kuma a cikin Gidan Hoto na Fadar Masarautar Kwalejin Al'adu da Al'adu ta Puebla, a cikin 2006.
Kirkirar kayan tarihi
Nasarar waɗannan nune-nunen sun ba da damar bitar ta zama ɗayan wuraren da aka fi so fiye da masu fasaha 50, na ƙimar ƙasa da ta duniya, don gwaji da kayan gargajiya, laushi da launuka. Tabbacin wannan kusan ayyukan fasaha 300 ne waɗanda suka tattara tarin su. Hada al'ada da kirkire-kirkire ba abune mai sauki ba. A wannan yanayin, masu sana'o'in hannu, a matsayinsu na magada ga tsarin gargajiya, sun ba da gudummawar iliminsu da gogewarsu, yayin da masu zane-zane suka ba da gudummawa ga tunaninsu da kirkirar su. Haɗuwa ta kasance abin ban mamaki, saboda an ƙirƙiri sabbin ayyuka suna keta al'ada, amma a lokaci guda ana ceton ta. Ya kamata a san cewa wasu daga cikin masu zane-zanen sun tsunduma cikin fadada kayan nasu, wasu kuma sun yanke shawarar cewa masu sana'o'in hannu su sa baki sosai a cikin yin su, don haka a samu cikakken hadin kai.
Idan kuna zaune a cikin Mexico City, a cikin Yuli za ku sami dama don yaba wa waɗannan ayyukan na musamman lokacin da aka nuna su a Gidan Tarihi na Franz Mayer: “Alarca. Talavera de la Reyna ”, inda za a tabbatar da cewa al’ada da na zamani na iya tafiya kafada da kafada, tare da daukaka sakamako. Wannan baje kolin ya hada da ayyuka na Fernando González Gortazar, Takenobu Igarashi, Alberto Castro Leñero, Fernando Albisúa, Franco Aceves, Gerardo Zarr, Luca Bray, Magali Lara, Javier Marín, Keizo Matsui, Carmen Parra, Mario Marín del Campo, Vicente Rojo, Jorge Salcido , Robert Smith, Juan Soriano, Francisco Toledo, Roberto Turnbull, Bill Vincent da Adrián White, da sauransu. Tare da wannan, an sanya Puebla talavera a matakin dacewa a duniya, ta hanyar halartar masu kirkirar zamani waɗanda gudummawar su ke ba ta wata sabuwar hanya ko tsinkaye, ban da haɗin kai a cikin kiyaye wannan sana'ar, babu shakka ya zama cikakkiyar bayyanar fasaha. .
Tarihi
Ya samo asali ne a rabi na biyu na karni na 16, lokacin da aka kafa wasu alfares (bitocin bita) a cikin birni mai daraja na Puebla. Maigidan Gaspar de Encinas ya girka tukwane a wajajen 1580-1585 a tsohuwar Calle de los Herreros, inda ya kera fararen kaya da tayal, wanda daɗewa za a san shi da talavera ware, kamar yadda yake kwaikwayon abin da aka samar a garin Talavera de la Reyna, lardin Toledo, Spain.
A duk lokacin da ake yin alfarma, kayan kwalliya, kayan kwalliya, akushi, kwanoni, kwanoni, tukwane, kwanduna, bututu, adonnin addinan an kera su a cikin wannan fasahar ... dukkan wadannan abubuwan suna da matukar bukata ba wai kawai don fasahar su ba har ma da bangaren amfani, kuma sun kai matakai uku na inganci: kayan ƙasa mai kyau (yana da inuwa masu haske har sau biyar ban da farin enamel), kayan ƙasa na yau da ƙasa da kuma kayan ƙasa na rawaya. Adon ya dogara ne da abubuwan fure, fuka-fukai, haruffa, dabbobi da shimfidar wurare, na tasirin Moorish, Italiyanci, China ko Gothic.
A nata bangaren, tayal din ya fara ne a matsayin wani abu mai sauki na kariya kuma ya kare a matsayin babban mahimmin kayan adon, wanda a yau zamu iya gani a ayyukan addini da na gine-gine masu yawa, facades na haikalin San Francisco Acatepec (Puebla) da Gidan Azulejos (Mexico City) misalai ne biyu masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka cancanci a yaba.
A cikin ƙarni na 19, babban ɓangare na masana'antar kera tukwane a Puebla sun dakatar da aikinsu, kuma wasu maginin tukwane da ke da wani matakin horo na kula da bitocinsu da wahala. A cikin shekarun farko na karni na 20, an yi kokarin kirkirar sabbin salo dangane da fassarar dadaddun abubuwa, kamar su zane-zane da kwafe-kwafe daban-daban, abubuwan zamani wadanda ba su yi nasara ba.
