Mun yanke shawarar tafiya ta kan hanya mu shiga yankin Michoacan, mai dumbin yawa a cikin shimfidar wurare da al'adu, kuma yayin da muke zagayawa a biranen Tarasca Plateau bamu daina mamakin manyan ɗimbin gine-ginen tsarin addini ba, wanda aka gina a lokacin wa'azin bishara (ƙarni na 16. da XVII), wanda muke samu a cikin hanyarmu.
Dole ne mu yi bincike kan batun don mu iya bayyana kyakkyawa da aikin rufin haikalin, ko cikakkun bayanai game da giciye da facades. Kuma shi ne cewa da zuwan mishan na farko na Franciscan da Augustine, a lokacin ƙarni na goma sha shida, wani tsari na kafa "asibitocin Indiya" ya fara, ra'ayin da bishop na farko na Michoacán, Don Vasco de Quiroga ne ya yada shi a yankin. Sun kirkiro hadadden gine-ginen da wani gidan ibada ko Ikklesiya suka kafa wanda a kan addininsa ne asibitin yake dogara.
Game da kayan da aka yi amfani da su, yankin plateau na Tarascan yana da amfani da bangon dutse mai ƙarfi wanda aka haɗu kuma an rufe shi da ado da sassaƙaƙƙun faces. Waɗannan gine-ginen na farko an yi rufin su da allon itace (wanda ake kira tejamanil) kuma daga baya aka rufe su da jan tayal na yumbu.
Cikin waɗannan rufin rufin, a halin yanzu, manyan katako sun rufe su a cikin hanyar "matattarar ruwa" mai juyewa, mafi yawansu suna da zane mai lankwasa da trapezoidal kuma waɗanda aka lakafta su a cikin tarihin Sifen a matsayin "rufin ruɓaɓɓe". Wadannan kuma an kawata su da hotunan litattafan Marian, mala'iku, manyan mala'iku da manzanni, wanda ke nuna imanin da aka yi ƙoƙarin tsoffin mazauna wannan yankin su miƙa wa. A mafi yawan lokuta ana zana su a saman rufin bututun kuma sun zama ɗayan mahimman ƙirar fasaha na yankin.
Wani fasalin fasalin waɗannan rukunin addinan shine gicciyen atrial, da yawa daga cikinsu an kiyaye su a cikin gidan ibada na ƙarni na 16 na tsaunin Tarascan, a cikin waɗannan gicciye aikin ɗan asalin ƙasa ya bayyana. A nata bangaren, atrium a yawancin lamura sun rasa asalin ma'anar su kamar yadda aka canza shi a wasu lokuta bayan ginata kuma an canza shi zuwa murabba'un jama'a ko wurare don musayar kayan.
Dangane da ramin ciki na haikalin, yawancinsu suna da murabba'i kuma kashi biyar na tsayinsu an ayyana su ga shugabanni, yayin da aka sanya wurin da za a yi waƙar mawaƙa a saman, daidai ƙofar haikalin , kuma an haɗa shi a ciki ta hanyar tsani na katako.
Wani mahimmin halayyar waɗannan haikalin an ƙirƙira ta murfinsu, tunda suna nuna babban Plateresque, Hispano-Arab da andan asalin ƙasa.
San Miguel Pomacuaran
Da ƙoƙarin gano hanyar tafiya tsakanin ƙananan, amma ban mamaki temples na Tarasca Plateau, mun fara yawon shakatawa a cikin Aprio de Nissan a cikin wannan garin wanda ke cikin karamar hukumar Paracho.
An tsara hanyar ta hanyar ƙaramin rufin da aka yi wa ado wanda ke aiki azaman hasumiyar ƙararrawa kuma a cikin abin da aka sanya lasifika, wanda ta kowace rana, ana ba da saƙonni ga jama'a a cikin harshen asali. A gaban haikalin, zuwa gefen arewa maso yamma, akwai wani gini wanda a yau ake amfani dashi azaman kicin, amma tabbas huatapera ne (kalmar Purépecha wacce ke nufin "wurin taro"), inda tsoffin shugabannin asalin ƙasar suka haɗu.
Kodayake tun asali an gina shi ne a lokacin ƙarni na 16, amma a bango za mu karanta kwanan wata 1672. Wataƙila ya yi daidai da ranar da aka sake gina shi. Tana da tsattsauran ruɓaɓɓu mai siffar murabba'i ɗaya, wanda duwatsu da laka Diego ganuwar da aka jingina ta da lemun tsami kuma an yi bene da katako na asali na asali. Rufi rufi ne da aka zana shi da zane-zanen da ke wakiltar Tsoho da Sabon Alkawari, babban misali na sanannen kayan ado na Michoacan.
Santiago Nurio
Muna bin hanyar zuwa wannan garin kuma zuwa babban dandalin, wanda ke mamaye da haikalin tare da façade mai walƙiya, wanda aka yi shi da tsummoki guda ɗaya wanda kuma har yanzu yana adana alamun lemun tsami tare da sandar karya (dutsen da aka sassaka da gini) wanda aka zana a ciki Ja. A gaban haikalin, har yanzu ana ganin gicciyen atrial, wanda aka kawata ginshiƙanta da kerub a kowane gefe.
Da zarar mun tsallaka ƙofar shiga, munyi mamakin kyawawan abubuwan kallo a cikin ƙaramin haikalin. Mafi yawan kayan kwalliyar an zana su sosai.
Sotocoro shine ɗayan kyawawan kyawawan polychrome a cikin tsaunin Tarascan. An yi shi da dabarar yanayin yanayi, bisa ga gilashi, tare da hotunan addini iri-iri kamar Bishop na Michoacán, Don Francisco Aguiar y Zeijas, da Shugaban Mala'iku Rafael tare da ƙaramin Tobias da kifin mai warkarwa a hannunsa.
Babban bagade, wanda aka keɓe wa Santiago Apóstol, an yi shi ne a cikin ƙarni na 19 ta marubucin da ba a sani ba kuma an yi shi ne da sassaka, haɗuwa, polychrome da ɓangaren itacen da aka sassaka shi.
Huatapera, kamar gidan ibada na parochial, na gini ne mai sauƙaƙa a waje, ya ƙunshi ƙaramin ƙaramin kusurwa mai kusurwa huɗu tare da madaidaiciyar hanyar kwalliya tare da baka mai lankwasa; amma yana da kyaun ado mai kyau a ciki. An rufe mashigar da rufin ɗaukakakken rufi wanda aka yi ado da hotunan addini na Littafi Mai Tsarki. Babban bagaden yana cikin salon Baroque kuma an keɓe shi don Tsarkakewa, wanda kyakkyawan hoto na itace mai daɗin zinariya ke wakilta. A ƙarshen ƙarshen muna ganin kyawawan zane-zanen fresco waɗanda suka zana bagaden.
San Bartolomé Cocucho
Kusan kilomita 12 daga Santiago Nurio, shine San Bartolomé, wanda yake a cikin ɗayan manyan wurare a cikin duk ƙasar Sierra Purépecha. Lokacin da muka shiga garin, abu na farko da muka lura da shi shine bitoci marasa adadi wanda a ciki ake yin shahararrun "cocuchas", manyan tukwane na yumɓu da mata suka yi shi wanda asalinsa yana da fa'ida biyu, ɗaya shine don adana abinci da ruwa. , ɗayan ya kasance kamar raunin jana'iza. A yanzu suna cikin tsananin buƙata a matsayin abin ado, tunda saboda an ƙone su a buɗe, an samar da siffofi marasa ƙima da ba za'a iya bayyanawa ba.
Muna ci gaba tare da titin Benito Juárez har sai mun tsallaka haikalin San Bartolomé, wanda aka gina da dutse da laka. Kodayake daga karni na 16 ne, tsakanin 1763 da 1810 aka sake shi. An tsara sotocoro a cikin sifar trapezoid, inda ake wakiltar wuraren da ke cike da launi da motsi. A tsakiyar ginin zaka iya ganin Santiago Apóstol (a matsayinsa na mai kisan gilla) an ɗora shi a kan farin farinsa. Wannan sotocoro ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan wadatattun kuma wakilai na duk masana'antar kafinta na Michoacan. Haikalin kuma yana da tsofaffin bagade guda uku.
San Antonio Charapan
Gari ne mai ɗan girma fiye da na baya kuma mafi mahimmancin ginin sa shine Parroquia de San Antonio de Papua, babban gidan ibada, wanda babban bagadin sa babban bagadin dutse neoclassical ya fito fili. A cikin farfajiyar Ikklesiya har yanzu akwai gicciyen atrial wanda aka yi wa ado da garkuwar Franciscan, wanda ke karanta kwanan wata 1655.
Kusan bayan haikalin akwai ɗakin sujada na Colegio de San José, wanda a halin yanzu ake kira Pedro de Gante Chapel. Façade dinta an yi shi ne da duwatsu da rufin kwanonsa da shingles, wanda ba komai ba ne face rufi mai rufin katakon katako, halayyar yankin gaba ɗaya. Façadersa yana da nutsuwa sosai kuma an kawata shi da ganye, furanni, fuskokin mala'iku da bawo, dukkansu an sassaka su da fasa dutse. Duk wannan rukunin addinin yana kan babban dandamali wanda ya yi fice a kan babban lambun da sauran jama'a.
San Felipe de los Herreros
Mai nisan kusan kilomita 12 daga kudu maso gabas, San Felipe ya sami suna ne saboda kasancewarta cibiyar masana'antar hada-hada da makeri a lokacin mulkin mallaka kuma wani bangare na karni na 19. An kafa garin a cikin 1532 a matsayin ƙungiyar biranen huɗu kuma Don Vasco de Quiroga ya ba Señor San Felipe a matsayin waliyyin waliyi. Yana ɗayan garuruwan da ke kan tsaunin Tarascan waɗanda ba su da suna na asali.
Babban burinta shine haikalin Ikklesiya, a bayyane aka keɓe shi ga San Felipe. Haikalin yana da facade mai matukar ban sha'awa tare da farin farin da ƙarami da ƙaramin ƙofa tare da baka mai zagayawa. Kodayake wannan haikalin ba shi da zane a cikin akwatin rufin, a ciki, a cikin ɓangaren mawaƙa, akwai abubuwan ban mamaki: ƙungiyar da aka sani da suna "tabbatacce", "reshe" ko "realejo ta hanyar sana'a", da mafi mahimmanci a duk Mexico. Ana tunanin shine ɗayan na farko da isan asalin ƙasar suka fara ginawa a ƙasarmu a cikin ƙarni na 16 kuma, a cewar masana, akwai guda bakwai irin wannan a duk duniya, wanda ya sa ta zama yanki na musamman na fasahar addini. duniya.
San Pedro Zacan
Dangane da kusancin ta da dutsen mai fitowar dutse, ta kasance ɗayan garuruwan da fashewar ta shafa, a cikin 1943.
Dama a tsakiyar garin, akwai ɗakin ibada na Tsarkakewa na Santa Rosa na Asibitin de San Carlos da asibitin, duka biyun sun fara daga karni na 16, ginin dutse ne da aka gina da rufin katako kuma, asibitin, ban da ƙari tare da tayal laka. Falon asali na ɗakin sujada ya ɓace kuma a wurin ƙofa tana da baka na katako kawai. A ciki, akwai rufi da akwatin katako wanda aka zana shi da kyawawan zane-zane waɗanda ke wakiltar yabon Maryamu. Mafi yawan launuka da aka zana a zanen suna fari ne da shuɗi, tunda waɗannan sune waɗanda suke da alaƙa da ceptionaukar Mace.
A gefen kudu na ɗakin sujada har yanzu muna iya ganin abin da ke aiki a lokacinsa a matsayin asibiti ga Indiyawan Indiya, a halin yanzu, a ɗayan sararin samaniyarsa, an daidaita wani ƙaramin shagon da ke sayar da tufafin da aka kroidre da ƙuƙwalwar gicciye, ƙwarewar sana'ar hannu da mata na wannan yawan.
Angahuan
Wani karamin gari ne wanda yake zaune a kan gangaren Pico de Tancítaro, kilomita 32 daga garin Uruapan. Yana da hadadden asibiti mai ban mamaki tun daga 1570. Kamar yawancin gine-ginen Franciscan na karni na 16, a cikin haikalin Santiago Apóstol ana iya ganin ƙwarewa da aikin thean asalin ƙasar sosai, duka a cikin ƙirar da kuma kayan kwalliyar. na babban murfin.
An gina shi a cikin dutse da adobe kuma, ba kamar wasu ba, ana samun darajarta a cikin babbar hanyar shiga, ba a cikin zanen rufin da aka rufa ba, tunda wannan gidan ibada ba shi da su.
Ana ɗaukar ƙofar shiga ta ɗayan misalai mafi kyau na aikin Mudejar a duk Mexico. An rufe shi da wadatattun kayan taimako, bishiyoyi na rayuwa waɗanda ke da mala'iku a cikin rassansu kuma, a kan baka, kusan a saman kayan ado, ya fito da hoto a cikin babban taimako na Manzo Santiago el Mayor, sanye da kayan aikin hajjinsa.
San Lorenzo
Bayan mun yi tafiyar kilomita 9 sai muka isa San Lorenzo. Haikalin Ikklesiya yana kiyaye faɗar ƙarni na 16 kusan gaba ɗaya kuma, a gabansa, kan abin da yanzu yake babban filin, amma tabbas yana cikin ɓangaren atrium na parish, kuna iya ganin kyakkyawar gicciyenta na atrial mai kwanan wata 1823. Gine-ginen jan hankali na San Lorenzo shine huatapera da asibitin sa waɗanda suke kusa da na baya. An kawata rufin da ke ruɓaɓɓen ciki tare da zane-zanen da ke wakiltar wurare daga rayuwa da aikin Mafificin ciki na Maryamu kuma, ba kamar sauran gidajen ibada ba, akwai jerin kayan sadaka na furanni waɗanda aka keɓe wa hoton Budurwa.
Capacuaro
Daga hanyar zaku iya ganin haikalin kuma mun sami damar zuwa bayan ƙetare kasuwar gastronomic da aka sanya a ƙarshen mako. A cikin facin dutse, hanyar shiga ta farfajiyar da aka yi wa fasali da adon kwasfa, kerubobi da abubuwa daban-daban na phytomorphic. A dunkule sharuddan, ana iya cewa wataƙila ƙungiyar addinai ce mafi ban tsoro, watakila saboda wurin da take, nesa kaɗan a wajen yankin tsaunuka.
Wannan shine yadda muke duban wannan yankin na Michoacan a cikin Aprio de Nissan mai dadi, kuma mun dawo gida muna farin ciki don yabawa da ƙwarewar hannayen 'yan asalin Purépecha, masu fasaha na gaskiya waɗanda suka bar rai da zuciya a cikin waɗannan abubuwan fasaha na addinin Mexico daga ƙarni na 16 da 17.
