Kalakmul Biosphere Reserve, a cikin Campeche, mai kimanin hekta dubu 750, shi ne mafi girma a Mexico dangane da gandun daji mai zafi, tare da wasu nau'in tsuntsaye 300 da biyar daga cikin kuliyoyi shida da ke rayuwa a Arewacin Amurka a yanzu.
Kusan rabin hanya zuwa Calakmul tuni zaka iya ganin samfurin fauna mai kyau daga gefen hanyar. Ko da jimawa kafin su isa yankin archaeological, wani martucha ko biri da daddare yakan koma cikin raminsa a cikin ramin wata itaciyar Ramón kuma wani dattijo daga dutsen ya ƙetare hanya, ba tare da hanzari ba. A gaba kadan, garke mai gashi 20 na neman kwari a karkashin bishiyar ganye kuma gaggafa mai dadi tana dauke da reshe don karfafa gidanta.
Daga nan sai gungun birai masu hayewa suka tsallaka shingen daji, sannan wasu monan biran gizo-gizo ke tsalle cikin sauri. Wani toucan yana kallon su yayin da suke wucewa ta kansa kuma suna sa shi ya tashi da wannan sautin na waƙar bugawarsa.
A WAJEN RANA
Don tafiya a cikin gandun daji akwai wasu da'irori tare da hanyoyi na musamman don baƙi. Yayin da muke bi a hankali da waɗannan hanyoyi tare da hankulanmu a farke, mun gane cewa gandun daji yana da girma uku. Kamar yadda koyaushe muke kallon kasa don gujewa tuntube ko kuma tsoron macizai; Ba za mu taɓa kallon alfarwar dajin inda dubban nau'ikan rayuwa ke rayuwa ba. Babban sarari wanda zai ba shi girma na uku. Hakanan akwai birai, martuchas, ɗaruruwan nau'ikan tsuntsaye, kwari da tsirrai waɗanda ke girma akan wasu tsire-tsire, kamar bromeliads.
CALAKMUL, DUTSE BAYA BAYA
Baya ga kasancewa ɗayan mafi kyaun wurare don masu kallon tsuntsaye da masu son yanayi, Calakmul ya kasance birni mafi mahimmanci a cikin yankin tsakiyar Masarautar Mayan, ana zaune a cikin zamanin Pre-Classic da Late Classic (tsakanin 500 BC zuwa AD 1,000). ). Ya ƙunshi mafi yawan adadin rubutattun rubutun Mayan, kamar yadda yake cike da sata, da yawa suna rawanin manyan pyramids guda biyu, waɗanda a ciki aka gano zane-zane mafi ban mamaki na duniyar Mayan, waɗanda ba a buɗe wa jama'a ba tukuna.
Bayan isa babban filin na Calakmul, wanda a Mayan yake nufin "tuddai biyu masu kusa da juna," hazo yana fara ɗagawa da kaɗan kaɗan, yana barin rana mai haske da tsananin zafi mai zafi. Fauna yaci gaba da bayyana ko'ina. Tankoki tare da launuka na tutar Meziko yana kallon su sosai kuma, a cikin itaciya ɗaya, wata mahaifa ta firgita tare da jelarsa a cikin siffar abin wuya. Mun hau kan babban babban dala, wani fada mai ban mamaki don tsayi da girma, wanda ya mamaye dukkanin dajin.
BATUL VOLCANO
A arewacin wurin ajiyar, babban kogo ne kawai aka bincika cikin gida yana da ɗimbin ɗimbin jemagu. Kogon dutse mai dutse yana zaune a ƙasan wani ginshiki mai zurfin mita 100 a cikin mafi tsawo harbi. Ana saukowa, ana buƙatar kayan aikin kogon musamman da abin rufe fuska, saboda yawan bat guano a cikin kogon na iya ƙunsar naman gwari na histoplasmosis.
Kowane dare sukan fito daga bakin kogon, kamar lawa daga dutsen mai fitad da wuta. Fiye da awanni uku, jemagu marasa adadi suna fitowa suna ba da ɗayan abubuwan ban mamaki na al'ada don kiyayewa a ajiyar. Wannan wuri ba sananne bane sosai kuma fewan bincike ne kawai da conserungiyoyin kiyayewa ke ziyarta lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Jemage suna da matukar mahimmanci ga gandun daji. Akwai sanannun nau'o'in dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya, wanda 1,000 daga cikinsu jemage ne. Kowannensu na iya cin fiye da kwari 1,200 na sauro a cikin awa ɗaya kuma saboda haka suna da tasiri ƙwarai wajen sarrafa kwari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, jemage 'ya'yan itace sune manyan masu watsa iri da kuma gurɓataccen gurɓataccen zafin a dazukan. 70% na fruitsa fruitsan tropan ruwa na wurare masu zafi sun fito ne daga jinsunan da suka kaɗa, wanda ya haɗa da mango, guava da soursop.
AMFANINSA mai dorewa
Babu shakka, ajiyar ba za ta iya rayuwa ba idan mazaunanta ba su samo dabaru don amfani da albarkatun ƙasa ta hanya mai ɗorewa ba, wato, amfani da su ta hanyar da ta dace, da ba su damar sabunta su koyaushe.
Don haka, kiwon zuma ya zama ɗayan ayyukan da ejidatarios na yankin ya fi amfani da su. Samar da zuma na ba wa manoma damar rayuwa daga dazuzzuka ba tare da sare bishiyoyinsu masu daraja don gabatar da shanu ko masara ba. Wadannan albarkatun gona sun lalata kasa kuma sun batar da mafi girman arzikin wannan yankin: yawan halittu.
Wani aiki mai dorewa, idan aka aiwatar dashi yadda yakamata, shine amfani da itacen chicozapote don hakar kututturen kut wanda ake fitar da ɗanko. Tun daga 1900, yankin yana da ƙaƙƙarfan amfani da gandun daji wanda ya haɓaka a cikin shekaru 40 tare da cire cingam kuma, a cikin shekarun 60 na karni na 20, masana'antar katako ta maye gurbin chiclema a matsayin babban aiki.
Tsoffin Mayan sun riga sun cinye taunawa kuma sun zama sanannen abu a duniya lokacin da James Adams ya gano cewa Shugaba Santa Anna yana cinye ta. Adams ya haɓaka masana'antu kuma ya sanya samfurin ya zama sananne a duniya, yana haɗa shi da dandano da sukari.
A yau, cingam ɗin da muke yawan cinyewa ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar roba, wanda yake da ɗanɗano na man fetur. Koyaya, masana'antar chicle na ci gaba da aiki a cikin hanyoyin ejidos daban-daban. Daya daga ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, gabas da ajiyar. Ana yin hakar Chicle musamman a lokacin damina, daga Yuni zuwa Nuwamba, lokacin da itacen chicozapote ya fi ba da amfani. Amma wadannan bai kamata a ci gajiyar su ba duk shekara, amma sau daya duk shekara, don hana bishiyar bushewa da mutuwa.
Duk waɗannan matsin lambar suna da mahimmancin tasirin muhalli a cikin wannan yankin. Koyaya, Kalakmul Biosphere Reserve ya kasance ɗayan mafi kyaun wurare masu kyau a cikin Meziko kuma, ba tare da wata shakka ba, ƙasar jaguar.
TAFIYA A CALAKMUL, Kwarewar Kwarewa
Yanki ne na yalwa da bambancin ra'ayi. Ba wai akwai mutane da yawa na jinsi ɗaya ba. Akasin haka, kusan duk sun bambanta da juna. Bishiyoyin da suke tare iri daban-daban ne. Tururuwa a kan bishiya ɗaya sun bambanta da waɗanda suke kan wani. Za a iya samun itacen barkono da ya raba kilomita uku daga wani nau'in iri ɗaya. Dukkansu sun kware a wani abu. Misali, shuke-shuke da yawa tare da furanni masu launin rawaya suna buɗewa a rana don ƙwarƙwara da ƙudan zuma. A nasu bangaren, wadanda ke da fararen furanni, wadanda aka fi gani da daddare, an bude su ne don yin zaben ta jemage. A dalilin wannan, lokacin da aka lalata kadada ɗaya na gandun daji, nau'ikan da ba mu ma san su ba za a iya rasa su.
