Aroanshi mai ƙanshi na furen chamomile, cakuda tsohuwar tsohuwar cedar, mesquite da juniper; Girman girmamawa na Ubangijin Santa Teresa, kyakkyawan labari da al'umma mai mutunci, haifaffen ma'adinai, ƙirƙira da saƙa.
Yana cikin garin Santuario Mapethé inda malamai masu maidowa da ɗalibai suka sami kyakkyawan samfurin don gudanar da aikin ilimi na horo, bincike, aikace-aikace da tunani, a cikin fannoni daban-daban waɗanda suka cika aikin dawo da aikin fasaha. Tsakanin tsaunukan San Juan, Las Minas, El Señor da El Calvario, an sanya tsattsarkan wurin ga Ubangijin Mapethé. Garin da yake, wanda a da ake kira Real de Minas deI Plomo Pobre, ana samun shi ne ta hanyar babbar hanyar zuwa Ixmiquilpan, arewacin kujerun gari na Cardonal, a cikin jihar Hidalgo. Muhimmancin wuri mai tsarki a yankin shine kawai za'a iya fahimta idan muka sake yin cikakken nazarin abin da tarihin sa ya kasance lokaci. Wannan zai nuna mana alamar dindindin har zuwa yau kuma zai bamu damar fahimtar yunƙurin al'umma na yanzu don kiyaye tsohuwar al'adar ruhaniya.
Labarin, wani ɓangare ne na almara, ya fara ne lokacin da attajiri Spanish Alonso de Villaseca ya kawo daga Masarautun Castile, a kusan 1545 kusan, sassakar Gicciyen Yesu Kiristi wanda ya kawo shi a ɗakin sujada na Mapethé. Wannan, ana gina shi da kayan lalacewa, tsawon lokaci ba zai iya daidaitawa ba, wanda ya haifar da lalata shi sannu a hankali. Zuwa 1615, saboda baƙi, fasasshen kamanninsa da kai tare da ɓacewa, Akbishop Juan Pérez de Ia Cerna yayi la'akari da halakar Kristi gaba ɗaya dacewa: wutar ƙonawa ko jana'izar mai albarka ba ta shafi hoto mai tsarki ba.
Zuwa 1621 guguwa ta bayyana a yankin da ta lalata rabin rufin ɗakin sujada; Lokacin da jama'ar suka je wurin don kallon abin, sai suka tarar cewa Kristi ya yi ta shawagi a cikin iska kuma ya keɓe kansa daga Gicciyensa don "to" ya komo ya gyara. Kuka da ban mamaki mutanen da suka fito daga ɗakin sujada mai daraja suka ce. Mapethé ya sha fama da matsanancin fari, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar shanu da asarar makiyaya. Daga nan sai shugaban majalissar ya gabatar da shawarar aiwatar da jerin gwano tare da hoton Uwargidanmu, amma makwabta suka yi ta murna da murya daya: "A'a, tare da Kristi!" Na farko ya tsayayya, yana jayayya game da lalata, baƙar fata da kusan rashin kamannin sassaka, kodayake a ƙarshe, a nacewa, firist ɗin ya karɓi buƙata. An gabatar da karar ne da hawaye da yawa da sadaukarwa: "Kuma girmamawa ta fi gaban aikin zahiri!"
An ce a wannan rana sama ta rufe kuma don ƙarin 17 ruwan sama ya faɗi kawai game da wasanni 2 a kewayen Real de Minas deI Plomo Pobre. Abubuwan al'ajabi sun faru, kuma ya kasance a ranar Laraba, 19 ga Mayu na wannan shekarar, lokacin da ta hanya mai ban al'ajabi aka sabunta Kristi gumi da jini. Fuskantar rashin yarda da kansa, babban bishop ya yanke shawarar aikawa da baƙo da notary, wanda daga baya ya tabbatar da gaskiyar sakewar Allah. Ganin cewa wurin da hoton ya kasance bai isa ba, mataimakin ya ba da umarnin a kai shi zuwa Mexico City.
Labarin na nuni da cewa Kristi bai son barin Real de Minas ba, tunda akwatin da aka ajiye shi don canza shi ya zama ba zai yiwu a ɗora ba saboda girman nauyinsa. Sannan shugaban cocin yayi alƙawarin cewa idan hoton ba shi da daɗi game da makomarta, Kristi da kansa zai bayyana shi kuma ya mayar da shi zuwa mafakarsa. Ko da hakane, Mapethecos da comarcanos sun yi adawa, kuma bayan arangamar da aka yi da makamai sun yi nasarar kubutar da shi a lokacin tafiya, suka dauke shi zuwa gidan zuhudu na kusa da San Agustín a Ixmiquilpan; a can, mahaifin lardin ya ba da baƙon kuma an ba da amsar ta haka. A cikin aikin hajjinsa zuwa Mexico, hoto mai tsarki ya ba mutane abubuwan al'ajabi da yawa ga mutane. A ƙarshe an ajiye gicciyen a gidan zuhudu na San José de Ias Carmelitas Descalzas, wurin da a halin yanzu aka san shi da Ubangiji Mai Tsarki na Santa Teresa. A cikin Wuri Mai Tsarki, wannan girmamawar ba ta girgiza ba; Wannan shine taron da suka zo wurin, cewa a shekara ta 1728 an gabatar da buƙata, a gaban magajin Marqués de Casafuerte, don sake gina cocin da ya lalace:
Wancan Wuri Mai Tsarki ya cancanci kulawa mafi girma. A ciki ne aka sake yin kwaskwarimar Kiristi Mai Tsarki wanda muke girmamawa yau a gidan zuhudun Santa Teresa. Don haka dole ne ya zama babba, duka don su kula da haikalin kuma don haka akwai waɗanda suke yin sujada ga wurin da videnceaukakawar Allah take so ta bambanta da yawancin alamu da mu'ujizai.
Las Iimosnas da sadaukarwar wannan al'umma wacce tayi alƙawarin “[…] a matsayin kudinta, gumi da kuma aiki na kashin kansu, don halartar cocin da aka faɗi saboda shine wurin da ake ganin irin waɗannan abubuwan al'ajabi masu kyau suna aiki” shine abin da ya sa Ia ya yiwu gina cocin da muke yabawa a halin yanzu.
An aiko da kwafin ainihin Kristi daga Meziko, wanda dole ne a yi manyan bagadai waɗanda suka dace da tsohuwar ibada. Likitan bachelor Don Antonio Fuentes de León shi ne ya ba da gudummawar kuɗaɗen da aka gina don gina bagade na ciki biyar na haikalin Mapethé. Tsakanin shekarun 1751 da 1778 an gudanar da wannan gagarumin aikin, wanda aka saka shi cikin lokacin fasaha na Baroque. A cikin dazuzzuka da aka sassaka da su, a cakudadden zane-zane da zane-zanen zane zan iya lura da zancen gumakan Jesuit a bayyane.
Daga wannan lokacin har zuwa yau, aikin hajji na Otomi don girmamawa ga tsarkin Ubangijin Mapethé yana faruwa ne a ranar Juma'a ta biyar ta Azumi. Mahajjatan da suka ziyarci gidan ibada a karo na farko suna tare da iyayen giji don su sami rawanin fure, waɗanda suke ɗorawa a kan kawunan yaransu don gabatar da su ga Almasihu Mai Tsarki. Bayan haka, an ajiye su a kan gicciye a cikin atrium ko a ɗauke su zuwa gicciyen Cerro DeI Calvario, wanda ake kira da suna "El cielito." A jajibirin Juma'a ta biyar ana gudanar da jerin gwanon Kristi ta cikin manyan tituna, tare da kakin zuma, sautin addu'o'i, waƙoƙi, a tsakanin kiɗa, kararrawa da kararrawa da rokoki.
Ta hanyar yarjejeniya tsakanin magajin gari na yankin, ranar Laraba mai zuwa Juma'a ta biyar hoton "an saukeshi" zuwa garin Cardonal, inda ya kasance na tsawon makonni uku, don aiwatar da "loda" iri ɗaya, zuwa tsattsarkan wurinku. Ta hanyar sallah, hadaya na fure, da kakin zuma, ana neman maganin cutuka da bonanza na noma. A ƙofar ƙauyukan duka an gano Kristi, kuma budurwowi na acaukan ciki a cikin Cardonal da kuma na Virgin of the Soledad in Sanctuary.
Zuwan Sanctuary
Haɗi tsakanin tsohuwar da kuma nan gaba-tsohuwar al'adar da mutanen karkara ke ɗauka tare da su-, garin Santuario Mapethé na maraba da mu (malamai da ɗaliban Makarantar Maidowa) suna ɗokin mu don sanin daddarorinta. Shekaru da yawa kenan, yan Iugareños suna ta shirya kansu cikin kwamitoci daban daban don neman ci gaban al'umma; ɗayansu ya kasance mai kula da ganin duk abin da ya shafi kula da cocin yadda ya kamata da kuma ayyukan da suke ciki. Lokacin da muka isa, majalisar unguwar ta shirya duk abin da ya dace don masaukinmu da kuma fara aikin gyarawa a daya daga cikin bagaruwa baroque guda biyar a cocin. Babban masassaƙin gida ya gina dandamali mai ƙarfi inda za'a tara ma'auni bisa girman -12 m da 7 m wide- na abin da aka ambata a sama bagade. Dona Trini, mai dafa abinci, ya riga ya shirya abinci mai ɗanɗano ga rukunin, jimillar ashirin. Mapaliban Mapethé da masu sa kai suna gina babban tubular nauyi, ƙarƙashin kulawar malamai. Da zarar an kafa mu, za mu ci gaba da rarraba ayyuka daban-daban: wasu za su gudanar da cikakken bincike game da ginin bagade, daga yadda tsarinta yake don jin daɗin kyawawan kayan ado na ado; Sauran za su gudanar da cikakken bayanin daukar hoto, dukkansu na fasahar kere kere da kuma irin barnar da aka samu a aikin, sauran kuma za su binciki bagaden, game da yanayin kiyayewarsa, don ganowa da gano musabbabin lalacewar da ake da ita. sannan kuma ku tattauna kuma ku ba da shawara, tare, tare da gyaran maganin da za'a gudanar.
Mun fara hawan: waɗanda ke tsoron tsayi, an sanya su aiki a kan predella da jikin farko na bagade; Mafi rinjaye suna haura zuwa jiki na biyu kuma ƙarshen, ee, tare da bel ɗinsu da igiyoyinsu masu aminci. Shiga bayan bagadin bagaruwa - inda ƙurar ƙarnika ta lulluɓe ka tun daga kan kai har zuwa ƙafarka - yana ba ka damar gano bayanan ginin: lura da tsarin ɗorawa, majalisai, sigogi, a takaice, hadadden tsarin da aka yi da katako. don warware salon rikitarwa na baroque stipe.
Lokacin da aka yi wannan bagade, wasu abubuwa da aka sassaka da kuma zane mai zane-zane, wanda har yanzu yake dauke da farin Spain, sun fadi ta baya, wanda, tabbas, yanzu an kubutar da su don kiyaye su. Hakanan an yi shi tare da shafukan ɓataccen lokacin da zane-zanen addini wanda wani - wataƙila mai bautarwa - ya gabatar a cikin bagaden.
A gefen gabansa akwai abubuwa da yawa da aka keɓe, masarufi waɗanda suka ba da izini ga motsin motsa jiki, akwatunan da ba a daidaita su ba da kuma sifofi tare da ɓoye na ɗan lokaci daga asalin wurin. Hakanan, mun sami sawun achuela wanda ya sare itace, goge wanda ya ayyana mafi kyawun sassaƙa, gwanin da ya shirya farfajiyar karɓar "imprimatura", ƙirar da aka ƙaddara don ayyana abubuwan hoto. Ta hanyar wadannan abubuwan zamu iya tsinkaye, koda tare da karnoni a tsakani, kasantuwar kafinta da mahalarta masu sadaukarwa ga "baƙin katako"; kafinta wanda ya kirkiri "farin katako"; na incarnator, mai zane da kuma estofador. Dukansu, ta waɗannan abubuwan alfanun, suna bayyana mana yadda aka ƙirƙira su. Haɗin haɗin gwiwar masu fasaha da yawa don yin bagade ya haifar da zaton dalilin da ya sa ba a sanya wannan nau'in aikin ba. Iyakar abin da aka danganta shi a matsayin bitar shi ne kwangilolin da aka samo a cikin rumbun adana bayanai, amma har yanzu ba a gano waɗanda suka dace da Wuri Mai Tsarki ba.
Malaman farfesa a fannonin kimiyya da mutuntaka suna nuna wa ɗalibai hanyoyin da za su gudanar da bincikensu. Da farko dai, ana ɗaukar ƙananan samfura na tallafi da stratigraphy na kayan ado na ado zuwa gaba, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, gudanar da binciken don gano fasahohi da kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su. A nata bangaren, malamin tarihin ya samar da kundin tarihi wanda ya zama dole don aiwatar da zane-zane da salo na kayan bagade.
Tun wayewar gari ana jin ƙarar ƙirar fareti a garin; Carlos da José sun tashi da ƙarfe 6:00 na safe don zuwa maƙerin Don Bernabé, tunda muna buƙatar ƙusoshin ƙarfe da yawa waɗanda aka ƙirƙira don ƙarfafa manne bagaden a bango. Studentsaliban da maƙerin maƙerin suna yin ƙaƙƙarfan sandar da ake buƙata don shari'ar. Don Bernabé, shugaban kwamitin, yana halarta a kai a kai don lura da aikin a kan bagaden.Yawan da yawa masu son sani ne waɗanda suke zuwa don yin tambaya game da aikinmu, kuma wasu daga cikinsu, waɗanda suka fi ƙwarewa, suka shiga, ƙarƙashin kulawar malamai. , fara da ɗalibai kyakkyawan tsari na tsaftace wadataccen zinare. Rashin ofanƙan ƙananan layin da ke rufe katako ya sassaka ya haifar da "sikeli" wanda dole ne a sauke shi kuma a daidaita shi ɗaya bayan ɗaya ... Aikin yana tafiya a hankali, yana buƙatar matuƙar kulawa da kulawa. Kowa ya fahimta kuma ya fahimci cewa maido da aiki ya ƙunshi ilimi, gogewa, ƙwarewa, da kuma son abin da abin yake nufi. Masassaƙin na gida yana taimaka mana wajen kera wasu abubuwa na katako don maye gurbin waɗanda tuni suka ɓace a cikin bagaden bagaden; A gefe guda kuma, muna sanar da al’umma game da bukatar gina kayayyakin daki wadanda ke dauke da abubuwa da yawa, kamar gutsuttsuren sassaka wanda ya dace da sauran abubuwan bagaden, gungun maƙerin zinare, masaku na coci, kayan gine-gine da sauran yankuna, waɗanda yanzu sun kasance cikin rudani kwata-kwata.
Lokaci guda, ana shirya rukuni don gudanar da lissafin duk ayyukan da ke shafin, a matsayin matakin farko na abin da kiyaye kariya ke nufi. Anan, al'umma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ranar kullun ta ƙare, samari suna zuwa gidan Doña Trini don samun empanadas mai daɗi da atole da aka shirya musamman don kwanakin tsananin sanyi a Santuario. Al'umma sun ba da abinci kuma an cire wasu ɗakuna na ɗan lokaci don ɗalibai su yi aiki da koya, malamai su koyar da tunani. Haɗin kai tsakanin Makaranta da al'umma ya faru; an sami bayarwa da karɓa kowace rana: An sake maimaita bagade, kyakkyawan aikin fasaha.
Hoton addini yana rayuwa har tsawon ƙarnuka: shaidu akansa sune sadaukar da makullin gashin da aka yanke, da kakin zuma har abada, da "al'ajibai" marasa adadi, sadaukarwar zaɓe, hotunan da suka shuɗe, rawanin, kayan ado da furanni waɗanda aka yi su da furannin chamomile. Aro aroanshin tsattsarkan Wuri Mai Tsarki. Ta yaya nake tuna Wuri Mai Tsarki; godiya ga labarinku, godiya ga al'ummarku.
Source: Mexico a Lokaci Na 4 Disamba 1994-Janairu 1995
