Wannan takaitaccen bayani ne game da manyan matakai guda biyu na samun takarda a karni na 16: daya mai alaka da fasahar da ake amfani da ita wajen fara aikin sarrafa takarda, dayan kuma kan aiwatar da yin takarda ita kanta. albarkatun kasa.
Wannan takaitaccen bayani ne game da manyan matakai guda biyu na samun takarda a karni na 16: daya mai alaka da fasahar da ake amfani da ita wajen fara aikin sarrafa takarda, dayan kuma kan aiwatar da yin takarda ita kanta. albarkatun kasa.
Littafin Culhuacán Paper Mill ya samo asali ne daga karni na 16 kuma yana daga cikin rukunin gine-gine na San Juan Evangelista Convent da Seminary Seminary.
Wannan ginin yana kan Av. Tláhuac, gabashin garin Mexico, a Cerrada 16 de Septiembre, a cikin sanannun unguwannin Culhuacán.
Wannan matattarar takarda tana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da bisharar da manyan umarni suka gabatar a wannan garin a lokacin ƙarni na 16. Wannan aikin ya kasance yana kula da umarnin Augustiniya, wanda a cikin 1530 ya kafa Seminary of Languages na San Juan Evangelista.
Babban maƙasudin shine koyar da Indiyawa addinin Kirista, kuma saboda wannan ya zama dole a sami makarantu da makarantun hauza, kasancewar su masu addini ne ke kula da wannan babban aiki. Irin wannan aikin ya buƙaci shirya littattafai (kuskure, zabura, katechism, da sauransu) waɗanda ake buƙata don sauƙaƙa fahimtar sabon addini ga mazauna ƙasar, kuma don Mutanen Spain su koyi Nahuatl.
Littattafan farko an zana su kamar codices, a kan takardun amate paper, suna bin al'adar 'yan ƙasar; Amma wannan aikin yana buƙatar takardu masu yawa, ban da gaskiyar cewa sabuwar gwamnatin viceregal ta sanya wajibcin samun takaddun takarda kamar waɗanda ake amfani da su a Turai.
Ba da daɗewa ba 'yan Augustinia suka fahimci cewa ta amfani da wasu fasaha sun san za su iya gudanar da injin niƙa wanda zai samar da takardar da ake buƙata don amfanin su. Don haka, a cikin 1580 sun sanya wannan matattarar takarda cikin aiki, wanda aka gina akan harabar gidan zuhudu inda suka yi amfani da damar ruwa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don saita ƙafafun motsi, wanda aka sani da ƙafafun ruwa.
Wannan dabaran (wani sinadari ne wanda 'yan kasar ba su sani ba a matsayin hanyar jawowa) yana da tsakiya a karshensa wanda yake a karshensa akwai wasu kamera biyu wadanda a wani lokaci suka daga mallet na katako tare da kusoshi a karshensa, wanda aikinsu shi ne rage ragunan zuwa dunƙule tare da taimakon ruwa.
Wannan ingantaccen tsarin ya wakilci mahimmin gudummawa ga Amurka kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya sami aikace-aikace da yawa.
Cewa makamashin lantarki ya fito ne daga ruwa kuma daga wani maɓuɓɓugar da aka gina wannan injin a ciki an nuna shi ta hanyar aikin haƙa kayan tarihi wanda aka gudanar a cikin 1982, wanda a ciki aka bayyana cewa wannan farkon aikin ginin mulkin mallaka shine sakamakon aikace-aikacen. na ilimin da har zuwa lokacin ake kirga shi a fannin kanikanci da injiniya a tsohuwar nahiyar.
Don samun cikakken iko kan yawan ruwan da ake buƙata don motsa dabaran, an gina tashar da aka ɗaukaka da ƙofar, waɗanda, sun sanya metersan mituna a gabanta, suna aiki a matsayin mai kula da ƙarfin da ake buƙata don hanzarta ko dakatar da aikin. na "nika".
Baya ga yin amfani da ruwa don samun kuzari, yana da mahimmanci ga aiwatar da murƙushe tsofaffin gsanƙara - kayan da ake amfani da su don yin takarda -, wanda aka gudanar a ɗayan ko fiye da tara har sai an canza su zuwa wani yanki mai kyau, ta hanyar aiki na dillalai, kuma don aiwatar da "zazzafan zaƙi" na ragunan.
Da zarar an samo manna mai kama da juna, ana rarraba shi a cikin madauri tare da grids don tace yawan ruwan. Bayan wannan aikin, an cire abin da aka yiwa takarda, an matsa shi don cire duk danshi kuma an sanya su bushe akan layukan tufafi. Da zarar sun bushe, sai a gauraye su da goge su da duwatsu, kamar dutsen ƙanƙara, ko da masu goge itace, waɗanda, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, ana shafa musu tallow. Wannan aikin, duk da haka, an hana shi, tunda lokacin yin rubutu a saman man shafawa tawada ba ta bushe ko gudu cikin sauƙi.
Source: Ba a san Mexico ba No. 295 / Satumba 2001
