A lokacin 1971, labarai game da gano adadi mai yawa na mata da allahiya waɗanda aka zana a yumɓu suna yaɗa tsakanin manoman da ke zaune a kusa da Laguna de Alvarado, a cikin gundumar Ignacio de la Llave, Veracruz.
Kowa ya san cewa wannan yanki yana da wadataccen kayan tarihi; Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, lokacin da aka nome ƙasa ko aka haƙa ramuka don gina gidaje ko saka magudanan ruwa, ana samun gutsuttsarin jiragen ruwa da siffofi waɗanda aka binne tare da mamacin tun zamanin Hispanic. Amma jita-jita yanzu yayi magana akan wani abu mai ban mamaki.
Tabbas: jim kadan bayan da masu binciken kayan tarihi daga jami'ar Veracruzana suka isa yankin, sun gano cewa wasu mazauna wurin da ake kira El Zapotal, wanda ke yamma da gabar Alvarado Lagoon, sun yi wani aikin ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun duwatsu a cikin wasu tsaunuka, wasu daga cikinsu har zuwa mita 15; mutane sun yi musu baftisma a matsayin tsaunin zakara da kaza, kuma daidai a kan wani dandamali tsakanin duwatsun biyu wani ya sanya felu, yana gano abin da ake magana game da terracotta.
Masanin ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi Manuel Torres Guzmán ne ya jagoranci binciken a wasu lokutan da suka shafe wadannan shekarun na shekarun saba'in, inda suka sami sabbin abubuwa masu ban mamaki. A halin yanzu mun san cewa binciken ya yi daidai da tsattsarkan wurin da aka keɓe don allahn matattu, inda aka bayar da adadi masu yawa da aka zana a yumɓu, da kuma kusan mutane ɗari, waɗanda suka ƙunshi hadadden hadadden hadadden tsarin jana'izar da muke adana labarai.
Wannan babbar hadayar, wacce ta lulluɓe da dabarun stratigraphic da yawa, an keɓe ta ne ga Ubangijin Matattu, wanda hotonsa, wanda kuma aka siffanta shi da yumɓu, mai ban sha'awa ya kasance ba a dafa shi ba. Allan da masu magana da yaren Nahuatl ke kira Mictlantecuhtli na zaune a kan karaga mai daraja, wacce aka sanya bayanta a cikin katon mayafin da lambar ta sanya, inda ake samun kokon kan mutane a cikin bayanan martaba da kawunan kadangaru masu ban mamaki da jaguar.
A gaban wannan adadi, mummunan rayuwa mai ban sha'awa ana rayuwa ne a lokaci guda: tsoron mutuwa da jin daɗin kyakkyawa suna haɗuwa a cikin motsin zuciyarmu lokacin da aka yi tunanin wannan shaidar mai ban mamaki na zamanin da ta gabata na Hispanic a karo na farko. Abin da ya rage yanki ne na Wuri Mai Tsarki, wanda aka kawata bangonsa da wuraren jerin gwano na firistoci a kan wani jan fage, da surar allahn, kursiyinsa da mayafinsa; wasu bangarorin da aka zana launi iri daya suma ana kiyaye su.
Kamar yadda sauran mutanen Meziko na pre-Hispanic suka wakilce shi, ubangijin matattu ya zama jigon rayuwa da mutuwa, wanda aka wakilta shi a matsayin wanda bai mutu ba; an nuna wasu sassan jikinsa, gangar jikinsa, hannayensa da kansa ba tare da nama da fata ba, yana nuna haɗin gidajen ƙasusuwa, haƙarƙarin haƙarƙarin da kwanyar. Wannan adadi na El Zapotal, allah, yana da hannaye, kafafu da ƙafafu tare da tsokokin su, kuma idanun, waɗanda aka yi su da wasu abubuwan da aka ɓata, sun nuna kallon numban ɗin mai rai.
Mun riga mun san hoton ubangijin mamaci, wanda aka gano a wannan tsakiyar yankin na Veracruz, a shafin yanar gizo na Los Cerros, kuma kodayake yana da ƙananan girma misali ne na ƙwarewar da waɗannan masu fasahar bakin teku suka yi aiki da shi. Ana kuma nuna Mictlantecuhtli a cikin wurin zama tare da duka jikin kwarangwal, banda hannayensa da ƙafafunsa; Babban matsayinta yana girmamawa ta wurin babban mayafin kwalliya.
A cikin El Zapotal, binciken da masu binciken ilimin kimiyyar kayan tarihi ya nuna yana da matukar rikitarwa a cikin tsarin bayarwar. A wani matakin da ke sama da wurin ibadar ubangijin matattu, wanda yake a wuri mai zurfin gaske, an samu kaburbura hudu na sakandare, a wurin da siffofin masu murmushi suka fita waje, wasu daga cikinsu sun yi magana, tare da kananan siffofin yumbu wadanda suka wakilta dabbobi.
A saman wannan saitin, an sanya ƙungiyoyin gumakan da aka zana a yumbu da kuma wadatattun tufafi, waɗanda aka sake kirkirar firistoci, 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, da dai sauransu, tare da ƙaramin wakilcin jaguar a ƙafafun. Babban abin mamakin shine gano wani akwatin gawa mai girman girma, wanda a wasu lokuta ya kai tsayin mita 4.76, wanda kuma, a matsayinsa na ɗan baya da na kashin baya, ya kasance da kawuna 82, dogayen ƙasusuwa, haƙarƙari da kuma kashin baya. .
Kusa da farfajiya, a cikin abin da aka bayyana ta archaeologically azaman shimfiɗa ta biyu ko al'adun gargajiya, an sami ɗakunan zane-zanen yumbu, na ƙananan da matsakaitan sifofin, na salon fasaha da aka bayyana a matsayin "siffofi masu fasali masu kyau". yana nuna hoton wani firist yana ɗauke da jaguar a bayansa, mutane biyu ɗauke da akwatin tsafi da wakilcin mai bautar allahn ruwan sama. Zai zama alama cewa nufin waɗanda suka ba da sadakar shine su sake kansu a ƙarshen lokacin bikin.
A farkon stratum kasancewar abin da ake kira da Cihuateteo ya mamaye, wakilcin gumakan mata, tare da torsosan tsirara kuma sanye da kayan kwalliyar zoomorphic da dogayen riguna waɗanda aka ɗaura da bel na macizai. Suna nuna alamar duniya, wacce ta mamaye masarautar lahira, kuma sune hayayyafar haihuwar mace wacce kuma take maraba da gawar mamacin a matakansu na farko akan tafarkin duhu.
Source: Wuraren Tarihi A'a. 5 Iyaye-shiryen Gabar Tekun Fasha / Disamba 2000
