Kafin kirkirar daukar hoto, mutanen da ke da sha'awar adana hoton kamanninsu da yanayin zamantakewar su sai suka koma ga masu zane, wadanda suka yi amfani da dabaru daban-daban don yin hotunan da aka nema.
Ga abokan cinikin da zai iya basu. Koyaya, ba duk abokan cinikayya bane suke da wadatattun kayan aiki don samun dama da adana hotunansu, koda a farkon shekarun daukar hoto, yawancin hotunan mutane basu isa ga hotuna a cikin zane-zane ba, har sai cigaban fasaha a harkar daukar hoto Centuryarni na 19 ya sa ya yiwu a sami mummunan kan farantin gilashi. Wannan dabarar, wacce aka santa da sunan jike-jike, ita ce hanyar da aka cimma a kusan 1851 na Frederick Scott Archer, ta inda za a iya sake daukar hotunan albumen a cikin sauri da rashin iyaka kan takarda mai dauke da sinadarin sepia. Wannan ya haifar da ragi sosai a cikin farashin hotunan hoto.
Collodion na rigar, na ƙwarewa mafi girma, an ba shi izinin rage lokacin bayyanar; Yana da sunan sa ga aikin fallasa wanda aka aiwatar da shi tare da emulsion; Albumin ya kunshi danshi da wani siririn takarda mai hade da farin kwai da sodium chloride, lokacin da ya bushe, an kara maganin azurfa nitrate, wanda shi ma aka bari ya bushe, duk da cewa a cikin duhu, nan da nan aka sanya shi. saman farantin collodion farantin sannan a fallasa shi zuwa hasken rana; Don gyara hoton, an ƙara maganin sodium thiosulfate da ruwa, wanda aka wanke kuma ya bushe. Da zarar an kammala wannan aikin, albumin ya shiga cikin ruwan zinare na zloriya domin samun sautunan da ake so kuma a gyara hoton a samansa na dogon lokaci.
Saboda ci gaban da waɗannan fasahohin daukar hoto suka kawo, a Faransa, mai ɗaukar hoto André Adolphe Disderi (1819-1890), ya ba da izinin mallaka a cikin 1854 hanyar ɗaukar hoto 10 daga mummunan abu guda ɗaya, wannan ya sa farashin kowane buga ya zama rage ta 90%. Tsarin ya kunshi daidaita kyamarori ta yadda zasu dauki hoto 8 zuwa 9 akan farantin 21.6 cm tsayi da 16.5 cm. Hotuna masu ɗaukar hoto kusan 7 cm tsayi da 5 cm faɗi. Daga baya, an liƙa hotunan a kan katako mai tsauri wanda yakai cm 10 da cm 6. Sakamakon wannan dabarar an san shi da suna "Katinan Ziyarci", sunan da aka samo daga Faransanci, carte de visite, ko katin kasuwanci, labarin a shahararren amfani, duka a cikin Amurka da Turai. Har ila yau, akwai babban tsari, wanda aka sani da Katin Boudoir, wanda kimanin girmansa ya kai 15 cm da faɗi 10 cm; duk da haka, amfani da shi bai zama sananne ba.
A matsayin ma'aunin kasuwanci, Disderi ya yi, a cikin Mayu 1859, hoton Napoleon III, wanda ya samar a matsayin katin kasuwanci kuma an karɓe shi sosai, saboda ya sayar da dubban kofe a cikin fewan kwanaki. Ba da daɗewa ba ɗan Ingila mai daukar hoto John Jabex Edwin Mayall ya kwaikwayi shi wanda, a 1860, ya iya ɗaukar Sarauniya Victoria da Yarima Albert a Fadar Buckingham. Nasarar ta yi kama da ta takwaransa na Faransa, domin shi ma ya iya sayar da Katunan Kasuwanci da yawa. Bayan shekara guda, lokacin da yariman ya mutu, hotunan hotunan sun zama abubuwa masu matukar daraja. Tare da Katunan Kasuwanci, ana yin faya-fayai a cikin abubuwa daban-daban don adana hotunan. Wadannan faifan kundi ana daukar su daya daga cikin mafi kimar dukiya ta iyali, gami da hotunan dangi da abokai da shahararrun mutane da 'yan sarauta. An sanya su a cikin wurare mafi mahimmanci da bayyane a cikin gidan.
Amfani da Katinan Kasuwanci ma ya zama sananne a Meziko; duk da haka, ya kasance daga baya kaɗan, zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon 20. Wadannan hotunan daukar hoto suna da matukar bukata a tsakanin dukkanin bangarorin al'umma, domin su rufe shi, an girka dakunan daukar hoto da yawa a cikin manyan garuruwan kasar, wuraren da ba da daɗewa ba za su zama shafuka masu bukatar gani, musamman ga waɗanda ke da sha'awar adana hotunansu. sake haifuwa a albumin.
Masu daukar hoto sunyi amfani da duk abubuwanda zasu iya amfani dasu don abubuwanda suke daukar hoto, ta hanyar amfani da saituna kama da na wasan kwaikwayo don nuna alamun halaye masu daukar hoto, fadoji da shimfidar kasa, da sauransu. Sun kuma yi amfani da ginshiƙai, balustrades da baranda da aka kera su da filastar, da kuma kayan ado na lokacin, ba tare da ɓace manyan labule da kayan ado da yawa ba.
Masu ɗaukar hoto sun ba abokan cinikin su Lambobin Kasuwancin da suka nema a baya. Takaddun faya-fayan, wato, hoton, an lika a kan kwali wanda ya hada da bayanan dakin daukar hoto a matsayin shaida, don haka, suna da adireshin kafawar zai kasance har abada tare da batun da aka nuna. Gabaɗaya, hoton da aka yi amfani da shi ya yi amfani da bayan Katinan Kasuwanci don rubuta saƙonni iri-iri ga waɗanda suka karɓa, kamar yadda suke yi, galibi a matsayin kyauta, ko dai ga dangi na kusa, ga saurayi da saurayi, ko kuma abokai.
Katinan Kasuwanci suna aiki don kusanci da yanayin zamani, ta hanyar su mun san tufafi na maza, mata da yara, yanayin da suka ɗauka, kayan ɗaki, halayen da ke nuna fuskokin waɗanda aka ɗauka hoto, da sauransu. Shaida ne ga lokacin canje-canje koyaushe a cikin kimiyya da fasaha. Masu daukar hoto na wancan lokacin sun kasance masu bin diddigin ayyukansu, sun yi shi ne da matukar kulawa da tsafta har sai sun sami sakamakon da ake bukata, musamman don cimma karbuwa ta karshe ga kwastomominsu yayin da suke yin la'akari da Katinan Kasuwancinsu, kamar yadda suke tsammani.
A cikin Mexico City, mahimman hotuna masu daukar hoto sune na 'yan uwan Valleto, waɗanda ke kan 1. Calle de San Francisco A'a. 14, a halin yanzu Madero Avenue, ɗakin karatun sa, ana kiran shi Foto Valleto y Cía, ɗayan ɗayan launuka ne masu farin jini da shahara a lokacin sa. An gabatar da kyawawan abubuwan jan hankali ga kwastomomi a duk benen kafarsa, wanda yake a cikin ginin da ya mallaka, kamar yadda labaran lokacin suka tabbatar.
Kamfanin daukar hoto na Cruces y Campa, wanda ke Calle del Empedradillo No. 4 kuma wanda daga baya ya canza suna zuwa Photo Artística Cruces y Campa, da kuma adireshinta a Calle de Vergara No. 1, wani ɗayan shahararrun wuraren marigayi ne na karnin da ya gabata, ƙungiyar Messrs Antíoco Cruces da Luis Campa suka kafa ta. Hotunansa suna tattare da tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin abin da hoton ya ƙunsa, tare da girmamawa sosai a fuskoki, wanda aka samu ta hanyar tasirin gurɓatar da mahalli, yana nuna alamun halayen da aka nuna kawai. A cikin wasu Katunan Kasuwanci, masu daukar hoto sun sanya kwastomominsu a cikin yanayin da ba na al'ada ba, wanda ke kewaye da mafi mahimman kayan ɗaki, don ba da mahimmancin halaye da suturar mutum.
Tesaddamar da Montes de Oca y Compaaía ya kasance ɗayan shahararru a cikin Mexico City, yana kan titin 4th. daga Plateros No.6, waɗanda ke da sha'awar samun cikakken hoto sun zo wurinsa, tare da ado mai sauƙi, kusan koyaushe ana yin shi ne ta manyan labule a ƙarshen ƙarshen da kuma tsaka-tsaki. Idan abokin ciniki ya fi so, zai iya yin hoto a gaban saitin birni ko shimfidar ƙasa. A cikin waɗannan hotunan, tasirin tasirin soyayya a bayyane yake.
Hakanan an girka manyan dakunan daukar hoto a manyan biranen lardin, wanda yafi shahara shine Octaviano de la Mora, wanda yake a Portal de Matamoros No.9, a Guadalajara. Wannan mai daukar hoto ya kuma yi amfani da wurare daban-daban na yanayin wucin gadi a matsayin asalinsu, kodayake tare da yanayin yadda abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a hotunansu ya kamata su kasance suna da alaƙa da ɗanɗano da abubuwan da abokan kasuwancinsu suke so. Don cimma nasarar da ake buƙata, tana da tarin kayan ɗaki, kayan kida, agogo, shuke-shuke, zane-zane, baranda, da sauransu. Salon sa yana kasancewa da daidaito da ya samu tsakanin sa da yanayin annashuwa na halayen sa. Hotunansa an samo su ne ta hanyar neoclassicism, inda ginshiƙai wani ɓangare ne na kayan adon sa.
Ba za mu iya kasa ambaton wasu mashahuran masu daukar hoto na daukar hoto kamar su Pedro González, a San Luis Potosí; a Puebla, dakunan binciken Joaquín Martínez a Estanco de Hombres A'a. 15, ko Lorenzo Becerril akan Calle Mesones Na 3. Waɗannan su ne wasu mahimman hotuna a lokacin, waɗanda za a iya ganin aikinsu a cikin yawancin Katunan kasuwanci waɗanda yau abubuwa ne na masu tarawa kuma suna kawo mu kusa da wani lokaci a cikin tarihin mu wanda ya ɓace yanzu.
