Ara koyo game da kyawawan kayan ado da suka kasance a zamanin mulkin mallaka da kuma tasirin da suke da shi a kan gine-ginen mulkin mallaka.
A cikin ƙasarmu, al'adun biyu da suka haɗu a cikin Mallaka suna da ma'anar addini mai zurfi wanda aka haɗu da al'adu, almara da tsofaffin imani waɗanda suka haifar da sabon ciki. An asalin har yanzu bai murmure daga mamakin da mamayewar ta haifar ba, lokacin da ya riga ya yi aiki tuƙuru a cikin ginin haikalin da gine-gine.
Tsarin matsugunan gabaɗaya ya bi tsari biyu ne na asali: ɗayan shine grid mai siffar dubawa - sigar da a ƙarni na goma sha bakwai marubuci Bernardo de Balbuena, a cikin aikinsa na Grandeur na Meziko, zai kwatanta da na dara. Kodayake amfani da shi ya kasance ruwan dare a biranen Turai na lokacin, amma ya kasance mafita ce da yawancin mutane suka amince da ita saboda sauƙinta, kodayake bai kamata a manta cewa rarraba biranen 'yan asalin ba saboda yanayin sararin samaniya da ke da alaƙa da hangen nesa. ilimin duniya da duniya.
Sauran tsarin shine na ƙauyukan da dole ne su daidaita da yanayin yanayin ƙasar; a cikin irin waɗannan halaye shimfidar ta bi ƙa'idodin yanayin yanayin yanayin daidaita titunan tituna da murabba'ai da kewayen su. Abubuwan birni na halayyar ma'adinai sun shirya kusa da ma'adanai ma'adinai da jijiyoyin wani lokacin sun dace da tsoffin biranen Spain na asalin Moorish.
A farkon lokacin mulkin mallaka, yawancin gidajen ibada da wuraren bautar gumaka wadanda aka gina ta manyan umarni wadanda suka zo New Spain (Franciscans, Dominicans da Augustinians), an sami cikin su tare da sanya siffofin da suka yi kama da kagara. Yawancin kafuwar da waɗannan magina suka shirya, an shirya su ne kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama kuma manyan tituna sun kai ga haikalin, wanda ɓangarorin kayan ado a matakin ƙira suka amsa da zane-zane na lokacin. Ga wasu daga cikinsu.
Gothic: An kirkireshi a Faransa a karshen karni na 12 kuma ya dade har zuwa karni na 15. Babban halayyar sa shine amfani da baka mai haske, windows masu tashi da windows masu gilashi masu haske kamar abubuwan haske da kuma katangar baka don watsa lodi da tursasawa daga rumbun. Duk waɗannan suna taka rawa a lokaci guda matsayin rawar ado, tunda wannan salo ne na zalunci. Ana gano wuraren gine-ginenta ta hanyar layin da ke tsaye wanda ke daidaita ginshiƙai da haƙarƙarinsa, waɗanda suke haɗuwa a kan maɓallin kewaya don zama ɗakunan ajiya. An gabatar da shi zuwa Mexico a cikin karni na 16. Babu misali na tsarkakakken Gothic a cikin ƙasarmu.
Plateresque: Wannan salo na musamman - cakuda masu banbancin yanayin da masu fasahar Jamusanci, Italiyanci da Larabawa suka gabatar a Spain -, ya fito ne a Spain har zuwa karshen karni na 15 kuma ya bunkasa a farkon rabin karni na 16. Gabaɗaya, tana nufin duk waɗancan ayyukan gine-ginen, kayan kwalliya da ƙananan zane-zane waɗanda azurfa suka ƙera kuma suka zartar. A cikin Plateresque abubuwan Gothic, Tsarin Renaissance na Italiya da Moorish sun haɗu. Aikace-aikacensa a cikin New Spain sun sami wadatuwa sosai ta hanyar fassarar isan asalin artan ƙasar, waɗanda suka ba shi takamaiman taɓawa ta hanyar haɗa da alamomin pre-Hispanic. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da ita ta amfani da kayan kwalliya mai amfani bisa jagororin kayan lambu, garland da grotesques a ƙofar da taga taga, da kuma a ginshiƙai da pilasters. Hakanan akwai lambobin yabo tare da wakilcin busts na mutane kuma ginshiƙan suna balustraded; wasu tagogin waƙoƙin mawaƙa ne na mata kuma wani lokacin ana amfani da manyan tagogin fure akan facades kamar yadda gidajen Gothic na biranen Turai suke.
Baroque: Ya samo asali ne a matsayin sauyi na cigaban rayuwar Renaissance kuma tsawon lokacinsa ya kasance kusan shekarun farko na karni na 17 har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 18, kodayake tare da matakan ci gaban tsari a cikin neman sabbin fom da layin ado. Salon kuma ya kai ga ayyukan zane da sassaka da aka yi a lokacin.
Barber ko rikon kwarya Baroque: Ya yi kusan ɗan gajeren lokaci, mai yiwuwa daga 1580 zuwa 1630. An yi amfani da kayan adon ganye a cikin ɓoyayyun ƙofofi da baka, an raba ginshiƙai zuwa sassa uku waɗanda aka yi wa ado da zane da aka shirya a tsaye, a sarari ko a cikin sifar frets a zigzag da kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliya tare da gyare-gyare da kayan ciki.
Sulemanu Baroque: Tsawon wannan lokaci na Baroque tsakanin 1630 da 1730. Gabatarwarsa a yankin Turai ya samu ne daga masanin gine-ginen Italia Bernini, wanda ya kwafi wani shafi wanda Larabawa suka samo a wurin da yakamata ace haikalin Sulemanu ya kasance. . Salon ya haɗa da amfani da waɗannan ginshiƙai masu mahimmanci don ƙawancen fuskoki na ɗakunan ibada da gine-gine, abubuwan dawo da tsarin da ya gabata da wadatar da shi da wasu maƙasudinsa.
Baroque stipe ko salon churrigueresque: An yi amfani dashi azaman kayan ado tsakanin shekarun 1736 da 1775 kusan. Ya samo asali ne daga fassarar da maganan Turai suka yi, na ginshiƙan Girka waɗanda suka ƙunshi ginshiƙan pyramidal, wanda aka sa kambin busts ko gumakan alloli. Masanin gine-gine José Benito de Churriguera ne ya gabatar da shi a cikin Spain - saboda haka sunan -, yana da farin ciki a Mexico. Jerónimo de Balbás shine ya gabatar da shi ga ƙasar. Kodayake an faɗi cewa salon ya karɓi wani gado daga Plateresque, ɗanɗano na musamman na kayan adon ya kai shi ga matuƙar halittar da ke cike da ado, vases, rosettes da mala'iku waɗanda suka rufe fuskokin gaba ɗaya.
Ultrabaroque: Isari ne mara iyaka na kayan ado na churrigueresque, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje da nakasa abubuwa na gargajiya, baroque da churrigueresque wanda ya haifar da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke ɗaga matsayinsu. Salon ya sami cikakkiyar cikakkiyar fasaha a cikin samfurin sturka da sassaka itace.
Neoclassic: Yanayin salo ne wanda ya bayyana a Turai yayin ɓangare na biyu na ƙarni na 18 tare da nufin sake maido da ƙa'idodin kayan ado na tsohuwar salon zamanin Girka da Rome. Muhimmancin kwalejin a cikin Meziko yayin ƙarni na 18 ya kasance mai matuƙar tasiri ga karɓar neoclassical, ban da haɓakar tattalin arzikin da New Spain ke ciki.
