Tekun ya kasance babbar gada ce ta sadarwa ga ɗan adam. Shekaru da yawa, Tekun Atlantika ya samar da hanyar haɗi kawai tsakanin Tsoho da Sabuwar Duniya.
Sakamakon gano Amurka, Tekun Meziko ya zama muhimmin wuri don zirga-zirgar Turai, musamman ma wanda ke zuwa daga ƙauyen Mutanen Espanya. Jiragen ruwa na farko da suka yi wannan ƙetare sune karafa da galleon. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen ruwa sun gamu da ajalinsu a cikin ruwan Mexico.
Haɗarin da jirgi ya fuskanta wanda ya yi yunƙurin ƙetare teku shi kaɗai ba za su lissafu ba. Wataƙila babban barazanar wancan lokacin shine hadari da hare-haren byan fashin teku, corsairs da buccaneers, waɗanda wadatar Amurka ta jawo hankalinsu. A cikin matsanancin yunƙuri don kare jiragen ruwanta da dukiyar da suka ɗauka, Spain ta ƙirƙira a cikin ƙarni na 16 mafi mahimmin tsarin kewayawa na lokacin: jiragen ruwa.
A rabi na biyu na karni na 16, Masarautar ta ba da umarnin barin jiragen ruwa biyu na shekara-shekara, na New Spain da na Tierra Firme, wanda rundunar sojojin ruwa ke kiyayewa. Na farko shi ne barin watan Afrilu zuwa Tekun Mexico da kuma na biyu a watan Agusta zuwa Isthmus na Panama. Dukansu sun yi hunturu a Amurka kuma sun dawo kan ranakun da aka kayyade don amfani da kyakkyawan yanayin. Koyaya, wannan ya sauƙaƙe hare-haren abokan gaba, waɗanda suka sa kansu cikin wayo a wajan dabarun yaƙi da ɓarayi daga piratesan fashi da buan buji, akwai wasu dalilan da yasa jirgi ko jirgin ruwa zai iya lalacewa, kamar rashin ƙwarewar matukan jirgin da imprecision a cikin taswira da kayan kewayawa.
Sauran abubuwan sune gobara ko fashewar abubuwa da bindiga ya haifar a cikin jirgin, da asarar inganci a cikin kwale-kwale da kuma ma’aikatan da suka faru tsawon shekaru.
Wakilin Tekun Meziko a cikin taswira da taswirar kewayawa na ƙarni na 16 da 17 ba su yi rijistar canje-canje masu mahimmanci ba. Tsibirin da ke kusa da Yucatán ya ci gaba da wakilta ta hanyar karin gishiri har zuwa karni na 18, wataƙila don faɗakar da matuƙan jirgin game da haɗarin da ke tattare da su, tunda kewayawa ta wannan yankin yana da wahala saboda kasancewar mabuɗan da maɓuɓɓuka, da Kogin Gulf, guguwa da arewaci da ruwa mara ƙanƙan da ke kusa da gabar teku. Matukan jirgin sun yi baftismar wasu daga cikin katanga da sunaye kamar "yi barci", "buɗe ido" da "gishiri-idan-za ku iya."
PIRATES, CORSAIRS DA BUCANERS. Yayin da hanyoyin jigilar kaya suka bazu a duk duniya, 'yan fashin teku, corsairs, da buccaneers sun faɗaɗa hanyoyin sadarwar su kuma. Babban abin da yake buƙata shi ne neman tsibiri ko gaci inda zai kafa tushensa, don iya gyaran jiragen ruwansa da wadatar da kansa da duk abin da ya dace don farmakinsa. Yankin Tekun Mexico ya kasance wuri mafi kyau saboda yawan tsibirai da yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da ke taho a cikin ruwan.
Wadanda suka fi shahara cikin kasada sune Ingilishi, kodayake kasashe kamar Faransa, Holland da Portugal suma sun ba da gudummawarsu ga fashin jirgin ruwa na lokacin. Wasu 'yan fashin sun yi aiki da goyan bayan gwamnatocinsu, ko kuma masu martaba da suka dauki nauyin su don daga baya su rike wani bangare na ganima.
Biyu daga cikin tashar jirgin ruwan Mexico da ta fi lalacewa sune San Francisco de Campeche da Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz. Daga cikin ‘yan fashin da suka yi aiki a cikin Tekun Mexico akwai Ingilishi John Hawkins da Francis Drake, da Dutch Cornelio Holz da ake kira“ Pata de Palo ”, da Cuban Diego“ El Mulato ”, Laurens Graff wanda aka fi sani da Lorencillo da kuma fitaccen Grammont. Kasancewar Maryamu Read tayi fice, ɗayan tsirarun mata waɗanda suka aikata fashin teku, duk da ƙuntatawa da suka wanzu a wancan lokacin don jima'i da mata.
GANGAN GABA. Duk lokacin da jirgi ya lalace, hukumomi mafi kusa ko kuma kyaftin din da kansa dole ne su shirya ayyukan ceto, wanda ya kunshi gano tarkacen jirgin da daukar hayar kwale-kwale da masu kwale-kwale don gudanar da aikin dawo da yadda ya kamata. bata cikin teku. Koyaya, yawanci ba su da sakamako mai kyau saboda wahalar aikin kanta da rashawa da rashin iya aiki na hukumomin Spain. Yawancin lokuta an dawo da wani ɓangare na makaman atilare.
A gefe guda kuma, ya zama ruwan dare ma'aikatan jirgin da suka lalace su sace dukiyar da take dauke da shi. Idan hatsarin ya faru a kusa da gabar teku, mazauna wurin za su zo ta yin amfani da duk wata hanya, a ƙoƙarin samun wani ɓangare na kayan jigilar kayayyaki, musamman kuma ba shakka zinariya da azurfa.
Watanni da yawa har ma da shekaru bayan jirgin ruwa ya nitse, ana iya neman izini na musamman daga Masarautar don bincika kayanta. Wannan ya zama aikin Assentists. Kujerar kwangila ce wacce aka sanya ayyukan jama'a ga mutane masu zaman kansu a wajen masarautar. Wannan mutumin yayi alƙawarin dawo da dukiyar da aka nutsar a madadin ta wani kaso.
Shahararren mai bada tallafi na lokacin shine Diego de Florencia, mazaunin Cuban wanda dangin sa suka yiwa masarautar Spain aiki na zamani dayawa. Takardun da ke cikin Parish Archives na Cathedral na Havana sun nuna cewa a ƙarshen 1677 wannan kyaftin ɗin ya nemi a ba shi rangwame don dawo da kaya na Galleon Nuestra Señora del Juncal, ɗayan manyan tutocin New Spain Fleet na 1630. wanda Kyaftin Janar Miguel de Echazarreta ya umarta kuma ya ɓace a cikin Muryar Campeche a cikin 1631. Ya kuma nemi izini don bincika duk wani jirgi da ya lalace a Tekun Mexico, Apalache da Tsibirin Windward. Da alama bai sami komai ba.
THEASAR SABON SPAIN, 1630-1631. Ana la'akari da cewa ɗayan mahimmin jigilar kayayyaki na lokacin mulkin mallaka shi ne wanda ke cikin jirgin Fleet na New Spain wanda ya tashi daga Cádiz a cikin 1630, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kyaftin Echazarreta, kuma ya nitse cikin ruwa mai daɗi shekara guda bayan haka.
Bayanan da ke cikin tarihin Mexico, Cuba da Spain sun ba mu damar fara sake fasalin abubuwan da suka dabaibaye bala'in da jiragen ruwan da suka hada wannan jirgi suka sha, gami da tutocinsa, gwanayen da ake kira Santa Teresa da Nuestra Señora del Juncal. Wannan na ƙarshe shine abin kwadayi tsakanin masu farautar dukiyar duniya, waɗanda kawai ke neman fa'idodinta na tattalin arziƙi amma ba dukiya ta gaskiya ba wanda ya kasance ilimin tarihi.
TARIHIN KWANA. Ya kasance a watan Yulin 1630 lokacin da Jirgin Ruwa na New Spain ya tashi daga tashar jirgin ruwa ta Sanlúcar de Barrameda tare da zuwa tashar Veracruz ta ƙarshe, tare da rakiyar da ke dauke da galleon guda takwas da kuma faci.
Watanni 15 bayan haka, a faɗuwar shekarar 1631, Jirgin Ruwa na Sabon Spain ya bar San Juan de Ulúa zuwa Cuba don ganawa da Tierra Firme Fleet kuma tare don komawa tsohuwar Nahiyar.
'Yan kwanaki kafin tashinsa, Kyaftin Echazarreta ya mutu kuma Admiral Manuel Serrano de Rivera ya maye gurbinsa, sai Nao Nuestra Señora del Juncal, wanda ya zo a matsayin Kyaftin, ya dawo a matsayin Admiral.
A ƙarshe, a ranar Litinin, 14 ga Oktoba, 1631, aka saka rundunar. Bayan 'yan kwanaki sai ta fuskanci arewa wacce ta rikide zuwa mummunan hadari, wanda ya sa jiragen suka watse. Wasu sun nitse, wasu sun fadi kasa kuma wasu kuma sun sami nasarar isa gabar da ke kusa.
Shaidu da takaddun da ke cikin kundin tarihin ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje sun nuna cewa an kai waɗanda suka tsira zuwa San Francisco de Campeche kuma daga can zuwa Havana, don komawa ƙasarsu tare da Tierra Firme Fleet, wanda ya kasance a Cuba yana jira na jiragen ruwa da suka lalace
GADON DUNIYA. Da shigewar lokaci, kowane jirgi da ya gamu da ajalinsa a cikin ruwan Tekun Mexico ya zama shafi a cikin tarihi cewa ya zuwa binciken kayan tarihi na karkashin ruwa.
Jirgin ruwan da ke kwance cikin ruwan Mexico suna cike da asirai don ganowa da dukiyar da ta wuce tattalin arziki. Wannan ya sanya Mexico ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu ɗayan ɗayan al'adun gargajiyar da ke nutsuwa a duniya, kuma ya ba ta alhakin karewa da bincika ta ta hanyar kimiyya da tsari don raba ta ga dukkan bil'adama.
