Tsarin gine-ginen yankin yammacin kasar ya ragu da ban tsoro a rabin na biyu na wannan karnin.
Garin Guadalajara bai kasance banda ba, kuma tun daga 1940s an dulmiya shi cikin aiwatar da canji, saboda "sabuntawa" da sake aiki da cibiyar biranenta. Wannan aikin ya fara ne tare da buɗe manyan gatarin hanya waɗanda a zahiri suke aske fuskar tarihin garin; Bugu da ƙari kuma, an kawar da wasu tsofaffin rukunin gine-ginen biranen don samar da gicciyen murabba'ai a kewayen babban cocin Metropolitan, wanda kwanan nan ya haɗa abin da ake kira "Plaza Tapatia".
Bayan waɗannan ayyukan, waɗanda gwamnatocin jihohi da na birni suka haɓaka da haɓaka, maye gurbin da lalata gine-ginen al'adun gargajiyar ya fara cewa a farkon wannan karnin ya zama rukunin birni na musamman, wanda ke da ingantacciyar hanyar fassara. Gine-ginen da ke cikin wannan yanayin tarihin an warware su galibi ta hanyar kwaikwayon kyawawan halayen "motsi na zamani" a cikin gine-gine. Wannan rarrabuwa daga dabi'un al'adun gargajiya daga bangaren al'umma na wancan lokacin yana bunkasa ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle da wuce iyaka. Exara ƙari, ana iya tabbatar da cewa mutanen Guadalajara sun ɗauki shekaru 50 don halakar da abin da ya ɗauki kakanninsu ƙarni huɗu don ginawa, wanda ya haifar da ɗan rikicewar Guadalajara da duk muka sani. Adanawa da dawo da al'adun gargajiya a wannan yankin wani aiki ne na kwanan nan, farawa a ƙarshen 1970s. Da gaske akwai gine-ginen kayayyakin tarihi da aka gano a cikin wannan garin don jama'a, kuma ceton galibinsu ya kasance yana kula da hukumomin gwamnati. Wasu misalai sune: Gidan Tarihi na Yankin Guadalajara wanda yake a cikin tsohuwar makarantar hauza ta San José, Fadar Gwamnati, Cibiyar Al'adu ta Cabañas, tsoffin majami'un I Carmen da San AgustÍn, haikalin Santo Tomás, a yau ɗakin karatun Ibero-Amurka "Octavio Aminci ”, da kuma wasu gine-ginen da suka dace a cikin cibiyar tarihi. Initiativeaddamar da keɓaɓɓu, kodayake, ba safai yake sha'awar wannan aikin ba. Ban da ƙananan maganganu, sa hannunsu a cikin batun da ke ƙara zama mai mahimmanci cikin fa'idodin al'ummomin kusan ba komai bane.
Tabbatar da jama'a game da abin da za a iya ɗaukar al'adun gine-gine ba ya kasance tsaye, amma yana canzawa. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, a cikin Guadalajara, gine-ginen gine-gine ne kawai suka kasance masu daraja kamar yadda ya kamata a kiyaye su ga al'ummomi masu zuwa, tare da yin biris da rukunin biranen da aka rubuta su. Wannan yanayin yana canzawa, kuma a halin yanzu, kodayake ya makara, jerin ƙimomin da ke da alaƙa da tushenmu sun fara karɓuwa a cikin gine-ginen farar hula. Koyaya, har yanzu matsin lamba da matsin lamba na birane suna aiki da ƙarfi kaɗan kaɗan ke haifar da asara, a cikin "aikin tururuwa", na wannan rukunin gine-ginen, muhimmin ɓangare na gadon kakanninmu.
A farkon shekaru goman na casa'in, gungun wasu 'yan kasuwa daga Guadalajara sun fara wani abu na daban a wannan yankin: farfadowa da amfani da babban gida daga zamanin Porfirian da aka raina a Guadalajara, wanda, da ba a sa baki ba, da an yi amfani da shi. ɓacewa, kamar yadda ya faru da yawancin gine-ginen tarihin birni. "Gwajin" har zuwa yau ya nuna abin da ya cancanci la'akari a cikin waɗannan lokutan lokacin da yarjejeniyar cinikayya maras shinge da ƙimar ingancin kuɗi suka zama alamu: kiyayewa da dawo da al'adun gargajiyar na iya zama aiki mai fa'ida.
Maido da wannan gonar ta wani bangare na al'adun gargajiya wadanda basu kula da batutuwan da suka shafi al'adun gargajiya ba - kamar shirin masu zaman kansu- ya nuna mana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da yawa wadanda dole ne a bincika idan har munyi imanin cewa har yanzu yana yiwuwa a yada shi ga al'ummomi masu zuwa. yanayin da kakanninmu suka gada.
Garuruwa sun kunshi adadin kananan labarai wadanda, idan aka hade su, suka bamu hangen nesa game da abin da muke, tushen mu da kuma - wata kila- makomar mu. Ofayan waɗannan ƙananan labaran ita ce wacce za a iya sake ginin ta a cikin dukiyar da aka fi sani da "Casa de los Abanicos", wanda a cikin ginin sa - mafi kyau ko mara kyau - abubuwan da suka faru da kuma sauyin yanayin da wannan birni ya wuce ta hanyar shekaru 100 na ƙarshe. Guadalajara a ƙarshen karnin da ya gabata ya sami lokaci na babban ci gaban abu. Tsarin siyasa da tattalin arziki wanda gwamnatin Porfirio Díaz ta dauki nauyi sun fifita ci gaban wani bangare na al'umar gari. A wannan lokacin, garin yana da muhimmiyar ci gaba zuwa yamma, tun da yawancin iyalai sun fara watsar da tsoffin gidajensu a cikin gari don zuwa su zauna a cikin “yankuna”. A cikin su ci gaban ƙasa ya fara daidai da tsarin gine-gine da ƙirar birane a halin yanzu. Frenchungiyoyin "Faransanci" "Reforma", "Porfirio Díaz" da "Ba'amurke" waɗanda aka kafa a cikin waɗannan manyan yankuna. A ƙarshen ginin da ake magana a kansa a wannan labarin an gina shi a kusa da 1903.
A halin yanzu gonar tana zaune ne a kan titunan da Libertad, Atenas, La Paz da titunan Moscow suka keɓe, a ɓangaren Juárez. Injiniyan Guillermo de Alba shine ke kula da abin da zai kasance matakin farko na ginin da ake yi a yanzu: mazaunin yana tsakiyar cibiyar dukiya; na mataki daya da rashin tsari da kuma tsari mara tsari, an kewaye shi ta hanyoyin da ke da ginshikan Tuscan, tare da balustrades da zanen bango a kan wasu bangonsa, suna bin hanyoyin birni na lokacin wadanda suka karye tare da tsarin gine-ginen da aka gada daga Sifen, inda ana yin gine-ginen a kusa da tsakar gida tare da farfajiyoyi da ɗakuna a gefen.
A cikin Maris 1907 Manuel Cuesta Gallardo ya samo shi don pesos dubu 30 daga waɗannan lokutan. Wannan mutumin ya kasance mashahurin mai mallakar ƙasa wanda yanayi ya sanya shi a matsayin gwamnan ƙarshe na porfirismo a Jalisco, tunda ya yi aiki na fewan kwanaki 45, saboda jerin zanga-zangar nuna goyon baya ga Maderista dole ne ya yi murabus. Ya sayi gidan ba don kansa ba, wanda ba shi da aure, amma don wani aboki mai suna María Victoria. Wannan gidan shine "karamin gidansa".
A waɗannan shekarun ne lokacin da injiniyan haifaffen Bajamushe Ernesto Fuchs ya aiwatar da sauye-sauye daban-daban wanda ya ba wa gona yadda take a yanzu: ya yi faɗuwa sosai, ya gina matakai biyu da wasu ƙarin sabis, an rarraba shi a duk faɗin ginin, kuma an sanya shi Grill na waje a cikin siffar magoya baya, daga abin da dukiyar take suna. Tsarin gine-gine da kayan adon da aka yi amfani da shi na nau'ikan keɓaɓɓu ne tare da tasirin salo irin na munanan halayen Faransa. Abunda yafi jan hankali shine wata irin hasumiya wacce ke kewaye da farfajiyoyi. Fuskokin faɗakarwa suna nuna halaye daban-daban a hawa ɗinsa biyu: Tsarin ƙasa irin na Tuscan yana da zane a kwance a bangonsa, an gina shi a adobe; Falon na sama, wanda aka fi ado, yana da ginshiƙan salo na Koranti, kuma bangonsa yana ɗauke da lallausan bangaye da bango, kayan kwalliyar kwalliya da aikin fenti; Abungiyoyi masu cikakken bayani sun mamaye su, waɗanda fasalinsu ya kunshi balustrades da tukwanen yumbu.
Bayan fadawa cikin wulakanci na siyasa, Cuesta Gallardo ya sayar da gidan da ke ƙasa da darajarta, kuma ya shiga hannun dangin Corcuera.
Daga 1920 zuwa 1923 an ba da haya ga Jesuit, waɗanda suka kafa kwaleji. Daga baya kuma har zuwa 1930, dangin Biester sun mamaye ta. A wannan lokacin, saboda tsanantawar Cristero, bene na sama yana aiki ne kamar gidan sufi na ɓoye. Ta hanyar sararin samaniya, akwai cibiyoyin ilimi marasa adadi, a cikinsu akwai kwalejin Franco-Mexico, da Jami’ar cin gashin kanta ta Guadalajara da ITESO. Amfani da buƙatu iri-iri suna haifar da lalacewar ginin sannu a hankali -kamar da canza shi yayin da aka haɗa shi da ainihin abin-, har sai da aka watsar da shi gaba ɗaya a cikin recentan kwanakin nan.
Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa Casa de los Abanicos, daga kasancewarsa "ƙaramin gida" sun fara taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafawa da ilimantar da al'ummomi marasa adadi daga Guadalajara, suna shiga cikin ƙwaƙwalwar gama garin.
Sannu a hankali tabarbarewar gidan da aka sanya shi kusan haifar da asararsa. Kasancewar anyi watsi da ita shekaru da yawa, anyi mata lalata kuma ta fuskanci lahani na lokaci. An yi sa'a, ana iya juya wannan tsari saboda kungiyar 'yan kasuwa daga Guadalajara wadanda suka sayi kadara daga dangin Mancera, don maido da ita kuma su sanya hedkwatar kungiyar Jami'ar Guadalajara.
Bayan sun sami wurin zama, masu saka hannun jari sun yanke shawarar aiwatar da aikin da ya dace da ayyukan Club ɗin, suna ɗaukar gogewar irin waɗannan kamfanoni a Mexico da ƙasashen waje. Wanne ba mai sauƙi ba ne, saboda a ɗaya hannun, dole ne su warware buƙatar sarari da ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfin gonar kuma, a ɗayan, gudanar da aikin da ya amsa kuma ya dace da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da na duniya da ƙa'idodin batun kiyayewa da dawo da al'adun gargajiya. Waɗannan rukunin gidauniyar guda biyu sun buƙaci ɗaukar ƙwararrun ma'aikata na musamman a wannan yankin don su sami sulhu ta hanyar aiki.
Adanawa, maidowa da kuma amfani da gidan don sabon aikin ya fara ne tare da jerin ayyukan share fage (binciken tarihi na abin tunawa da yanayin birni da zamantakewar al'umma, da kuma hotunan daukar hoto daban daban, gine-gine, sauye-sauye da lalacewa. ) wanda ya ba da damar ayyana abubuwan ginin da za a tsoma baki, jihar da ta kasance da kuma damar amfani da shi. Tare da bayanan da aka tattara a wannan matakin, ana iya yin cikakken bincike a cikin abin da yanayin kadara, halaye masu kyau da yanayin sararin samaniya, damarta, takamaiman matsalolin da take da su da kuma dalilan da suka haifar da lalacewar ta sun kasance a sarari. Dangane da ganewar asali, aikin maidowa an zana shi ta fuskoki biyu da zasu bada ra'ayoyin juna: na farko sun hada da kiyayewa da maido da kadarorin, na biyu kuma aikin karbuwa ne don ginin ya dace da sabon amfani dashi. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka gudanar, mai zuwa ya bayyana: aiwatar da kwalliyar archaeological da safiyo; sakin abubuwa da aka kara wa asalin tsari; tsarin tsari; ƙarfafawa, gyarawa da maye gurbin duwatsu, tukwane, zanen bango, ƙera maƙera da zane-zane na ado na asali; gyaran tushen lalacewa, da duk abin da ya shafi daidaita wurare don sabon amfani, wurare na musamman da haɗakar sauran yankuna.
Saboda fadin tsarin gine-ginen da ya wajaba don gudanar da Kungiyar Jami'ar - wanda ya hada da, da sauransu, liyafar, dakin karatu, gidajen cin abinci, kicin, sanduna, dakunan tururi, kayan kwalliya da filin ajiye motoci- dole ne a hade sabbin wurare amma ta yadda ba su yi hakan ba gasa da shafar dukiyar ƙasa. Wannan an warware shi ta ɓangaren ginin ƙasa a sararin samaniya: filin ajiye motoci a ƙarƙashin babban lambun kuma ta hasumiya mai ɗimbin matakai, yana neman a kowane yanayi haɗe shi cikin mahallin, bambance duk wani sabon abu, a cikin kammalawa da abubuwan yau da kullun, daga Asali gini. An fara aikin a cikin 1990 kuma an kammala shi a watan Mayu 1992. Marubucin waɗannan layin ya haɓaka aikin maidowa tare da haɗin gwiwar Enrique Martínez Ortega; Ia maido da ƙwarewa a zanen bango da ƙera maƙerin zane, na Guadalupe Zepeda Martínez; Adon, ta Laura Calderón, da aiwatar da aikin sun kasance masu kula da Constructora OMIC, tare da injiniya José deI Muro Pepi. Fahimta da kwarin gwiwa daga bangaren masu saka hannun jari, a cikin kowane abu game da ayyukan maidowa, ya ba mu damar isa ba-bayan shekaru biyu na aiki- don ceton wanda ya ɓace na wannan misalin da ya dace na gine-ginen Porfirian a Guadalajara.
Gaskiyar cewa an ba da wannan gine-ginen kayan gado wanda ya dace da tsarin sa na asali (wanda saboda halayen sabis ɗin sa yana buƙatar kulawa da kiyayewa koyaushe) kuma cewa wannan amfani na zamantakewar yana ba da damar dawo da saka hannun jari na farko da kuma sarrafa shi yana biyan kuɗin kansa, yana ba da tabbacin dindindin da mutuncin sa a nan gaba. Bayan aiki kusan kusan shekaru biyu, kimantawa cikin ƙa'idodi gabaɗaya tabbatacciya ce: sakamakon ƙarshe ya sami karbuwa daga jama'a, cibiyoyin, saboda amsawar, an kiyaye su cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, an sake inganta yanayin biranensu kuma, kamar yadda labari, na gargajiya "calenders" sun haɗa shi a yawon shakatawa. Samun nasarar “gwajin” ya kasance yana da tasiri a kan wasu otheran kasuwar da ke sha'awar sayan manyan gidaje a cikin yankin tarihi don dawo da su. Maidowa da farawa na Casa de los Abanicos ya nuna cewa kiyaye al'adun gargajiya ba lallai bane ya rabu da ƙimar ayyukan kasuwanci.
