Zuwa kusan ƙarni na IV-XI na zamaninmu, ƙauyuka da yawa sun haɓaka a cikin Sierra Gorda na Queretana.
Daga cikin wadannan, Ranas da Toluquilla sune sanannun wuraren tarihi na kayan tarihi; A cikinsu zaku iya sha'awar saitunan tushe na al'ada, gine-ginen zama da kotunan kwalliya, waɗanda aka haɗa tare da tuddai. Ma'adanan Cinnabar suna huda gangaren da ke kusa; wannan ma'adanai (mercury sulfide) ya kasance yana da daraja ƙwarai da gaske saboda launinsa mai haske, kama da jinin mai rai. Watsewar tsaunuka da mazaunan da ke zaune suka yi ya yi daidai da rushewar matsugunan aikin noma a yawancin Arewacin Mesoamerica. Daga baya, makiyaya daga yankin Jonaces, suka sadaukar da yankin don farauta da tarawa, kuma ta hanyar sunaye marasa motsi, waɗanda al'adunsu suka nuna kamanceceniya da wayewar Mesoamerican: noman masara, al'umma mai rarrabewa da gidajen ibada waɗanda aka keɓe don girmama gumakansu. .
Bayan Nasara, wasu Mutanen Spain sun isa Sierra Gorda saboda jan hankalin da aka samu na kamfanonin noma, dabbobi da kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai. Tabbatar da wannan shigarwar ta sabuwar al'adun Hispaniyanci ya bukaci hadewa da 'yan asalin yankin cikin tsarin tattalin arziki da siyasa, aikin da aka damka wa shugabannin fadan Augustiniya, Dominican da Franciscan. Manzanni na farko, a lokacin ƙarni na 16 da 17, basu da tasiri sosai. Kusan 1700, har yanzu ana ganin dutsen a matsayin "tabon laushin hali da dabbanci," wanda ke kewaye da sabbin mutanen Sifen marasa wayewa.
Wannan yanayin ya canza tare da isowa cikin Sierra Gorda na Laftana da Kyaftin Janar José de Escandón, a cikin umurnin runduna ta birnin Querétaro. Farawa a cikin 1735, wannan sojan ya gudanar da jerin gwano don kwantar da duwatsu. A cikin 1743, Escandón ya ba da shawarar ga gwamnatin viceregal cikakken sake tsara ayyukan. Hukumomin sun amince da aikin nasa kuma a shekarar 1744 aka kafa cibiyoyin mishan a Jalpan, Landa, Tilaco, Tancoyol da Concá, karkashin ikon Franciscans na kwalejin San Fernando Propaganda Fide, a babban birnin New Spain. Sojojin Escandón sun ci nasara da sunayen da suka ki yarda su zauna a cikin mishan. A kowace manufa, an gina ɗakin sujada na katako tare da ciyawar rufi, ana yin katako da kayan abubuwa iri ɗaya da bukkoki don mutanen asalin. A cikin 1744 akwai 'yan asalin yankin 1,445 a Jalpan; sauran ayyukan suna da tsakanin mutane 450 zuwa 650 kowannensu.
An kafa kamfanin soja a Jalpan, ƙarƙashin umarnin kyaftin. A kowace manufa akwai sojoji wadanda zasu raka rakiyar friar, su tabbatar da tsari kuma sun kamo yan asalin kasar wadanda ke kokarin tserewa.A cikin shekarar 1748, sojojin Escandón sun kawo karshen turjewar da Jonaces suka yi a yakin tsaunin Media Luna. Tare da wannan gaskiyar, kusan an hallaka wannan garin dutse. A shekara mai zuwa, Femando VI, Sarkin Spain ya ba Escandón taken Count of the Sierra Gorda.
Zuwa 1750, yanayi ya dace da yin bishara ga yankin. Wani sabon rukuni na mishaneri sun zo daga Kwalejin San Fernando, a ƙarƙashin umarnin Manjo Brotheran’uwa Junípero Serra, wanda zai yi shekaru tara a tsakanin Pames Serrano a matsayin shugaban ofisoshin Fernandine biyar. Serra ya fara aikinsa ne ta hanyar koyon yaren Pame, wanda a ciki ya fassara ayoyin addinin Kirista. Ta haka ne aka tsallake shingen harshe, an koyar da addinin gicciye ga mazauna yankin.
Dabarun mishan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tudun sun yi daidai da na waɗanda Franciscans ke amfani da su a wasu yankuna a cikin ƙarni na 18. Waɗannan friars ɗin sun sake komawa wasu fannoni na aikin bishara na New Spain na ƙarni na 16, musamman a fannin ilimin koyarwa da na al'ada; Suna da fa'ida, duk da haka, fa'ida guda ɗaya: ƙananan indan asalin asalin sun ba da iko sosai akan su. A gefe guda kuma, sojoji sun taka rawar gani sosai a wannan matakin ci gaba na "yaƙin ruhaniya." Friar sun kasance hukumomi a cikin mishan, amma sun yi amfani da ikonsu tare da goyon bayan sojoji. Sun kuma shirya gwamnatin asali a cikin kowace manufa: an zabi gwamna, masu unguwanni, kofur, da masu gabatar da kara. An azabtar da laifofi da zunuban 'yan asalin tare da bulalar da masu gabatar da ƙara na ƙasar suka gabatar.
Akwai wadatattun kayan aiki, godiya ga gwanintar gwani na friars, aikin waƙoƙi da ɗan ƙaramin tallafi da Crown ya bayar, ba kawai don wadatarwa da yin bishara ba, amma don gina rukunin gine-ginen mishan guda biyar, waɗanda aka gina tsakanin 1750 da 1770, wanda a yau ke ba baƙi damar zuwa Sierra Gorda. A kan murfin, waɗanda aka yi ado da su sosai da turmi polychrome, an nuna tushen tiyoloji na Kristanci. An yi hayar manyan masanan ƙasashen waje don jagorantar ayyukan majami'u. Dangane da wannan, Fray Francisco Palou, aboki kuma masanin tarihin Fray Junípero, ya ce: “Bayan da mai girma Fray Junípero ya ga yaransa Indiyawa a cikin yanayin aiki da babbar sha'awa fiye da farko, ya yi ƙoƙari ya sa su gina cocin da za su yi gini (.. ) Ya gabatar da tunaninsa ga duk Indiyawa, wadanda suka yarda da yarda, suka ba da damar daukar dutsen, wanda yake kusa, duk yashi, yin lemun tsami da cakuda, kuma ya zama ma'aikata na magina (..) kuma a cikin shekaru bakwai aka kammala coci (..) Tare da gudanar da waɗannan ayyukan (sunayen) an ba su damar yin sana'oi daban-daban, kamar maguna, masassaƙa, maƙera, masu zane, gilders, da dai sauransu. (...) abin da ya rage daga taron majalisar dattawa da kuma sadakan talakawa an yi amfani da shi wajen biyan albashin magina (...) ”. Ta wannan hanyar ne Palou ya karyata labarin tatsuniyoyi na yau cewa mishan ne suka kirkiro waɗannan gidajen ibada tare da goyon bayan sunayen Pames.
'Ya'yan aikin gona, waɗanda aka gudanar a ƙasashe gama gari, an ajiye su a rumbuna, ƙarƙashin ikon friars; An rarraba rabon abinci kowace rana ga kowane iyali, bayan sallah da koyarwa. A kowace shekara ana samun babban girbi, har sai an sami rarar; Anyi amfani da waɗannan don sayan ƙungiyar shanu, kayan aikin gona da zane don yin tufafi. Manya da ƙananan shanu kuma mallakar jama'a ne; an rarraba naman ga kowa. A lokaci guda, friar sun karfafa noman filaye masu zaman kansu da kiwon dabbobi a matsayin mallakar mutane. Don haka, sun shirya lamuran don ranar wariyar manufa, lokacin da gwamnatin gama gari ta ƙare. Matan sun koyi yadda ake kera kayan masaku da sutura, suna juyawa, sakar da kuma dinki. Sun kuma yi buhuhunan rago, gidan sauro, tsintsiya, tukwane da sauran abubuwa, wadanda mazajensu suka sayar a kasuwannin garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da su.
Kowace rana, tare da hasken rana na farko, kararrawa sun kira manya 'yan asalin zuwa cocin don koyon addu'oi da koyarwar Kirista, mafi yawan lokuta a cikin Sifen, wasu kuma a Pame. Sannan yara, masu shekara biyar zuwa sama, sun shigo suna yin hakan. Yaran suna dawowa kowace yamma don ci gaba da karatunsu na addini. Hakanan da rana waɗanda manya zasu halarci sacrament, kamar tarayya ta farko, aure, ko furci shekara-shekara, da waɗanda suka manta da wani ɓangare na rukunan.
Kowace Lahadi, kuma yayin bikin farilla na Cocin, duk 'yan asalin dole ne su halarci taro. Kowane ɗan asalin ƙasar ya sumbaci hannun friar don rajistar kasancewar su. Waɗanda ba su nan an hukunta su sosai. Lokacin da wani ba zai iya halarta ba saboda kasuwanci, dole ne su dawo tare da shaidar kasancewar su taro a wani gari. A ranar lahadi da yamma, ana yi wa Sarauniyar Maryama addu'a. A cikin Concá kawai aka yi wannan addu'ar a cikin mako, ana jujjuya kowane dare zuwa wata unguwa ko ranchería.
Akwai wasu al'adu na musamman don bikin manyan ranakun hutu na Kirista. Akwai cikakken bayani game da waɗanda aka gudanar a Jalpan, yayin zaman Junípero Serra, godiya ga marubucin tarihin Palou.
Kowane Kirsimeti akwai “colloquium” ko wasa a kan haihuwar Yesu. Duk cikin Lent din akwai addu'oi na musamman, wa'azozi, da jerin gwano. A cikin Corpus Christi akwai jerin gwano tsakanin bakunan baka, tare da "... masu bautar gumaka guda huɗu tare da teburinsu na daban don Ubangiji a cikin hadaya don gabatarwa" Hakanan, an yi bukukuwa na musamman don wasu bukukuwa a duk tsawon shekara ta litattafan.
Zamanin gwal na ayyukan duwatsu ya ƙare a 1770, lokacin da babban bishop ya ba da umarnin isar da su ga malaman addini. An tsara nau'in aikin ne, a cikin karni na 18, a matsayin wani bangare na sauyawa zuwa cikakkiyar hadewar 'yan asalin cikin tsarin New Spain. Tare da mayar da hankali ga ayyukan, ƙasashe gama gari da sauran kaddarorin fa'idodi sun kasance na sirri. Sunayen sunaye, a karo na farko, wajibcin bayar da zakka ga babban limamin cocin tare da haraji ga Masarautar. Bayan shekara guda, kyakkyawan ɓangare na sunayen sun riga sun bar ayyukan, suna komawa tsoffin ƙauyukansu a tsaunuka. Ofisoshin, an watsar da su, sun fada cikin wani yanayi na koma baya. Kasancewar mishaneri daga Colegio de San Fernando ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kawai. A matsayin shaidu a wannan matakin cin nasarar ƙasar ta Sierra Gorda, akwai manyan tarurruka na ƙasa waɗanda yanzu ke haifar da sha'awa da ɗaga sha'awar sanin aikin adadi na Fray. Junípero Serra.
Source: Mexico a Lokaci Na 24 Mayu-Yuni 1998
