Fassararmu ta karin magana don adana abubuwan da ba za a manta da su ba ko kuma sha'awar tsofaffin gine-gine an fassara su zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya lokacin da muke bayyana jimloli kamar “wannan ba haka yake ba”; ko "komai game da waɗannan titunan sun canza, ban da wannan ginin".
Wannan kiran, ba shakka, yana faruwa a duk biranen mu ko kuma aƙalla a yankin abin da masu tsara birane ke kira "cibiyar tarihi", inda aka haɗa ƙwaƙwalwar tare da ceto da kiyaye kayan ƙasa.
Shakka babu batun gyara tsofaffin sassan biranen don gidaje, yawon bude ido, ilimi, tattalin arziki da zamantakewar rayuwa. Daga wannan yanayin, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan cibiyar tarihin Mexico City ta kasance abin kulawa daga duka hukumomin gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.
Da alama abin al'ajabi ne ganin har yanzu gine-gine a cikin babban birnin ƙasar da suka kai shekaru 200 ko 300, musamman lokacin da ta kasance birni da girgizar ƙasa, tarzoma, ambaliyar ruwa, yaƙe-yaƙe suka afka wa musamman ma ta hanyar ƙarancin dukiya na mazaunan ta. A wannan ma'anar, tsohon garin babban birnin kasar ya cika ma'ana biyu: shi ne wurin ajiyar manyan gine-gine a tarihin Mexico kuma a lokaci guda samfurin canjin birane a cikin ƙarni duka, daga abin da aka yi hagu da babban Tenochtitlan har zuwa gine-ginen zamani bayan ƙarni na XXI.
A kewaye da shi yana yiwuwa a yaba da wasu gine-ginen da suka tsaya cikan lokaci kuma waɗanda suka cika wani aiki na musamman a cikin zamaninsu. Amma cibiyoyin tarihi, kamar biranen gaba ɗaya, basu dawwama: sunadarai ne a cikin canji na yau da kullun. Kamar yadda ake yin gine-gine da kayan ephemeral, bayanan gari yana canzawa koyaushe. Abin da muke gani game da birane ba daidai yake da abin da mazaunansu suka gani shekaru 100 ko 200 da suka gabata ba. Wace shaida ce ta rage daga biranen da suke? Zai yiwu wallafe-wallafe, labaran baka, kuma ba shakka, daukar hoto.
MAGANAR LOKACI
Yana da wuya a yi tunanin "cibiyar tarihi" wacce aka adana a cikin "asalinta!" Tsinkaye, saboda lokaci ne ke da alhakin tsara shi: an gina gine-gine wasu da yawa sun ruguje; Wasu tituna a rufe suke wasu kuma a bude suke. To menene “asali”? Maimakon haka, zamu sami wuraren da aka sake amfani da su; gine-gine sun lalace, wasu kuma ana kan aikin su, fadada tituna da kuma sauya fasalin yanayin birane. Wani samfurin hoto daga ƙarni na 19 na wasu wurare a cikin garin Meziko na iya ba mu ɗan ra'ayin sauyin birni. Kodayake waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon suna nan a yau, maƙasudinsu ya canza ko an canza tsarin sararin samaniyarsu.
A hoto na farko zamu iya ganin tsohon titin 5 de Mayo, wanda aka ɗauko daga hasumiyar yamma ta babban cocin Metropolitan. A wannan mahangar zuwa yamma, tsohon Babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi fice, wanda ake kira Santa Anna Theater, wanda aka rushe tsakanin 1900 da 1905 don faɗaɗa titi zuwa Fadar Fine Arts ta yanzu. Graphyaukar hoto yana daskarewa kaɗan kafin 1900, lokacin da wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo ke aiki a kan hanya. A gefen hagu zaka iya ganin Casa Profesa, har yanzu yana tare da hasumiyoyinsa kuma a bango ɗan kurmi na Alameda Central.
Abin da ke da ban sha'awa game da wannan ra'ayi shine watakila damuwar da yake tayarwa a cikin mai lura. A zamanin yau, don kuɗi kaɗan zai yiwu a hau hasumiyai na babban coci kuma mu yaba da wannan shimfidar wuri, kodayake an canza ta ne. Yana da ra'ayi iri ɗaya, amma tare da gine-gine daban-daban, a nan akwai rikitarwa na gaskiya tare da ɗaukar hoto.
Wani rukunin yanar gizo a cikin cibiyar tarihi shine tsohuwar gidan zuhudu na San Francisco, wanda ɗayan ko kuma wani kan chink ya rage. A gaba muna da façade na ɗakin sujada na Balvanera, wanda ke fuskantar arewa, ma'ana, zuwa titin Madero. Wannan hoton na iya kwanan wata kamar 1860, ko wataƙila a baya, kamar yadda yake nunawa dalla-dalla manyan abubuwan taimako na Baroque waɗanda daga baya aka datse su. Daidai yake da hoto na baya. Har yanzu sararin yana wurin, kodayake an canza shi.
Dangane da ƙwace kadarorin addini a kusan shekarun 1860, an siyar da gidan zuhudu na Franciscan a ɓangarori kuma Ikklisiyar Episcopal ta Meziko ta mallaki babban haikalin. Zuwa ƙarshen wannan karnin, Cocin Katolika ta sake gano sararin kuma an sake sake mayar da ita don komawa ga asalinta. Ya kamata a lura cewa babban ɗakin tsohuwar tsohuwar zuhudun ana kiyaye shi a cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma yana gida ne ga haikalin Methodist, wanda ke samun dama daga Calle de Ghent a halin yanzu. An sami kadarar a cikin 1873 ta wannan kuma ƙungiyar ƙungiyar Furotesta.
A ƙarshe, muna da ginin tsohon gidan zuhudu na San Agustín. Dangane da dokokin sake fasalin, an keɓe haikalin Augustiniya don wata manufa ta jama'a, wanda a wannan yanayin zai zama na matattarar littattafai. Ta hanyar umarnin Benito Juárez a 1867, an yi amfani da ginin addini a matsayin Laburaren Nationalasa, amma daidaitawa da tsara tarin ya ɗauki lokaci, ta yadda aka buɗe ɗakin karatun har zuwa 1884. Don wannan, an rushe hasumiyai da ƙofar gefen; kuma gaban Umurni na Uku an rufe shi da façade daidai da tsarin gine-ginen Porfirian. Wannan facet din baroque ya kasance bricked har zuwa yau. Hoton da muke gani har yanzu yana adana wannan murfin gefen wanda ba za a ƙara sha'awar shi a yau ba. Gidan zuhudun na San Agustín ya yi fice a cikin hoton birni, zuwa kudu, kamar yadda ake iya gani a hoto. Wannan ra'ayi da aka ɗauka daga babban cocin yana nuna ɓatattun gine-gine, kamar abin da ake kira Portal de las Flores, kudu da zócalo.
RAGAYE DA SIFFOFI
Menene hotunan waɗannan gine-ginen da tituna ke gaya mana, na waɗannan rashi da kuma canje-canje ga amfaninsu? A wata ma'anar, wasu wurare da aka nuna ba su wanzu da gaske, amma a wata ma'anar, waɗannan wurare guda ɗaya suna nan a cikin hoton kuma saboda haka a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar garin.
Hakanan akwai wurare da aka gyara, kamar su Plaza de Santo Domingo, marmaro na Salto del Agua ko kuma Avenida Juárez a tsayin cocin Corpus Christi.
Bayanan ɗaya daga cikin hotunan yana nuni zuwa dacewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda, kodayake ba ɓangare na gaskiyarmu bane, akwai. Wuraren da babu su an haskaka su a cikin hoton, kamar yadda a ƙarshen tafiya zamu kirga wuraren da muka yi tafiya. A wannan yanayin, hoton yana aiki azaman taga mai ƙwaƙwalwa.
