Garin Marfil, wanda aka kafa a 1556 (shekaru shida bayan ganowar bazata sanadin San Bernabé), yana kusan kilomita 6 daga garin Guanajuato, UNESCO ta ayyana aan Adam na Al'adu na fewan shekaru kaɗan.
Garin Marfil, wanda aka kafa a 1556 (shekaru shida bayan ganowar bazata sanadin San Bernabé), yana kusan kilomita 6 daga garin Guanajuato, UNESCO ta ayyana aan Adam na Al'adu na fewan shekaru kaɗan.
Kafa Marfil ya kasance daidai da na Guanajuato, kuma ayyukan tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewar jama'a duka suna da alaƙa sosai cikin tarihin su; a 1554 an kafa sansanoni guda huɗu ko kagara, ɗayansu shine Real de Minas de Santiago Marfil; Sauran ukun sune Santa Ana, Tepetapa da Santa Fe, a halin yanzu dukkansu unguwanni ne ko kuma garuruwan da ke kusa da garin Guanajuato.
Kasancewar garin Marfil yana da kusanci da garin ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a wani lokaci ana watsi da mahimmancin tarihin wurin da kuma gine-ginen gine-ginen, ko kuma ba a kimanta su da kyau, yanayin da wani lokaci ya kan zama irin wannan ta mazaunan ta. Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tarihi na al'umma shine, wataƙila, babban mahimmancin da ke ƙayyade kiyayewa ko rashin kulawa da sararin gine-gine don amfanin al'umma.
Haikalin San José da Señor Santiago, waɗanda suke a ɓangaren ƙananan, ko Marfil de "a ƙasa", misali ne na mantawa amma kuma, kuma mafi mahimmanci, maido da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tarihi na al'umma, inda ƙarshen ya kasance tsakiyar tsakiyar ayyukan.
Marfil, matsuguni na asali, ya mamaye iyakokin Kogin Guanajuato kawai, inda gonakin da suke cin gajiyar suke don maganin ma'adinai; yawanta, a farkon wannan karni, ya daidaita tsakanin mazauna dubu 10. Ginin haikalin San José da Señor Santiago ya fara ne a 1641, bisa umarnin Marcos Ramírez del Prado, bishop na Michoacán, ikon da Marfil yake. Gidan ibada shine ɗayan tsofaffin gine-gine na wannan nau'in (har ma a cikin garin Guanajuato), kodayake har zuwa Mayu 1695 an kammala gininsa, kamar yadda Don Lucio Marmolejo ya lura a cikin Guanajuato Ephemeris.
Wajibi ne a nuna cewa Bishop Ramírez del Prado shi ne wanda ya fara ginin babban cocin Morelia a shekarar 1660, wanda ya ƙare har zuwa ƙarni na gaba, a cikin 1744. Koyaya, babu ƙarin bayanai game da tasirin gine-gine ko salon salo da aka karɓa daga magina ko bishopric na Michoacán, kodayake ana iya ɗauka.
A ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon wannan lokacin, Marfil ya shiga tsaka mai wuya da rikicewa: ci gaban fasaha wajen kula da ma'adanai, gabatar da hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa garin Guanajuato (tare da ɓacewar tashar da take a baya Marfil), da ambaliyar ruwa biyu masu ƙarfi a cikin 1902 da 1905, sun lalata rayuwar wannan garin da na mazaunanta.
Dangane da abubuwan da ke sama, dole ne Majami'ar Parish ta Marfil ta canza wurin zuwa wani yanki mafi girma, zuwa arewa maso yamma na hedkwatar da ta gabata. Wannan, haɗe da raguwar sanannen yawan jama'a, ya haifar da ɗaukar Marfil a matsayin "garin fatalwa". Daga wannan lokacin ne haikalin San José da Señor Santiago suka daina zama cibiyar kula da al'umma. Shaida ga lokacin da aka kafa garin da garin Guanajuato da kanta, kadarorin suna da mahimmancin gine-gine, tunda yana nuna fasahohin gini da kyawawan halaye na wannan lokacin, tare da kasancewa tushen da ba za a iya karewa ba don sanin al'adu da na fom ɗin da wasu keɓaɓɓiyar al'umma suka ɗauka wanda ya sa hakan ya yiwu. Wasu gine-gine a cikin jihar Guanajuato ba za a iya bayanin su ko fahimtar su yadda ya dace ba tare da fara nazarin wannan misalin ba.
Haikalin San José da Señor Santiago, an riga an gabatar da atrium wanda aka shiga ta hanyar hanyar neoclassical portal, wanda shimfidarsa wata baka ce mai tawayar bakin ciki tare da fitattun kayan ado da kayan kwalliya; a bangarorin biyu akwai pilaster da samfurin samfurin Ionic style. Wadannan goyan bayan guda huɗu suna goyan bayan ƙungiya wacce masarrafan ta ya zama ginshiƙi a ƙofar. A cikin wasiƙa tare da gatarin rabin samfurin da pilasters, an saka katunan oval a ɗakunan ƙasa, kuma a tsakiyar an ɗaga jikin da ke dauke da bayanan martaba, wanda aka ɗora shi tare da gungura biyu da gilashin gilashi.
Murfin gidan baftismar ya ƙunshi jiki guda ɗaya tare da baka mai zagaye a cikin babban mashigin shiga, tare da lu'ulu'u da bangarori da aka rubuta a cikin wuraren girke-girke; Kayan adon phytomorphic wanda ke rufe spandrels yana farawa daga maɓallin, kuma akwai ginshiƙai a ɓangarorin biyu. A kan ƙungiya akwai buɗaɗɗen motsa jiki kuma babban ƙyalli ya ɓullo a kan kwafinsa, ɓangaren ɓangarensa wanda yake da alama ya rufe ƙafafun kuma sama da shi, ana kiyaye shi ta babban alfarwa, kurciya da haske na baya, a matsayin wakilcin Ruhu Mai Tsarki.
A halin yanzu, murfin na ainihi yana ƙofar farfajiyar Makarantar Harkokin Masana'antu, zuwa farfajiyar Makarantar Shari'a, dukkanin cibiyoyin da ke tsakiyar ginin Jami'ar Guauajuato; Babban tashar da haikalin yake da ita a yanzu ba ita ce asali ba, tunda bayan da aka sauya hatimin, aka sanya irin na asali a cikin shekarun 1950.
Zuwa kudu maso yamma, wani murfin mai mahimmancin gaske ya bayyana, wanda kuma aka ware kuma aka sanya shi a Jami'ar Guanajuato a cikin 1940s. A waccan lokacin, cire rufin ya barata saboda sha'awar kiyayewa da dawowa, tun da yake kusan an yi watsi da haikalin, tun da al'umma da jagororin addininta kusan ba sa amfani da shi don kowane aiki, sai dai a wasu lokutan. Don haka, wucewar lokaci da aikin jami'an kula da yanayi, ban da wasu ayyukan ɓarnata, sun haifar da lalacewar kadarorin.
Ginin haikalin na gicciyen Latin ne, mai tsayi sosai, tare da ɗakunan bauta guda biyu a haɗe a cikin lokutan da suka gabata: ƙarami, murabba'i ne mai haɗe da ɗayan hannayen gicciye da ɗayan, sarari ne wanda yake da tsayi iri ɗaya na nave. , daga facade zuwa transept.
Saitin ya haɓaka tare da wasu ƙarin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke tallafawa ayyukan gudanarwa na hedkwatar Ikklesiyoyin. A gefen falon arewa maso gabas, akwai bangarori da dama na buttress, wadanda halaye da halaye na tsari, da siririnsu, kyawun sui generis da salonsu na baroque yasa su zama na musamman a yankin kuma wataƙila sun wuce. A tsakiyar shekaru goman da suka gabata, a zaman wani bangare na atisaye na ilimi, dalibai uku na Babbar Jagora na Maido da Shafuka da wuraren tarihi, wadanda aka koyar a Kwalejin Gine-ginen Jami'ar Guanajuato, sun kirkiro wani tsoma baki da farfado da aikin. Wannan ya ƙunshi sanya haikalin ya zama wurin taron zamantakewar al'umma, kamar yadda yake a asalinsa. Babban matsalar da muka fuskanta ita ce rashin wanzu, ko kuma da wahala, ƙwaƙwalwar tarihin al'umma.
Sakamakon haka, ayyukan farko (tuni a farkon shekarun casa'in), gabanin masu fasaha masu ƙarfi, sun mai da hankali kan tattaunawa tare da membobin ƙungiyar koyaushe. Babban mahimmin kayan aiki shine halartar waɗanda ke kula da haikalin, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da alaƙa da motsawa don wayar da kan al'umma don dawo da muhimmin gadon kakanninmu.
Hakanan, goyon bayan mutane daban-daban na al'umma ya yanke shawara don ci gaban aikin. Amma abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne halartar yara, matasa, tsofaffi, mata da maza daga Ivory Coast da al'ummomin da ke kewaye da dogaro da majami'ar da aka ce, waɗanda tare da ayyukansu suka ba da damar maido da haikalin San José da Señor Santiago da ƙarinta, sabili da haka, sabili da haka, ceton abubuwan tunawa na yau da kullun game da abin tunawa.
Yayin ayyukan, an gano alamun asali na atrium da ginshiki na maɓuɓɓugar da ke shugabantar da farfajiyar da ke gaban haikalin, da kuma iyakokin kadarorin. A gefe guda kuma, dukkan wuraren an share su (wanda hakan ke nuni da yadda ake jigilar daruruwan tan na sikari); fasa da aka samu a bango, rumbuna da sauran abubuwa an rufe su kuma an karfafa su, kamar babbar hasumiyar da ta yi barazanar rugujewa da yana buƙatar aikin sake gyarawa na musamman.
Yanzu yana yiwuwa a yaba, misali, bangarorin baka na musamman don salon su da maganin su.
Façade na atrial a halin yanzu yana haskakawa cikin dukkan darajarta, saboda kyakkyawan aiki na ma'aikata na matakin farko na masu aikin fasaha na al'umma kanta. Hakanan, sake gina tashar shiga ta gefe (kwafin gaske wanda yake har yanzu yana Jami'ar Guanajuato), hada wasu hotunan da suka kasance a wasu bangarorin al'ummar kanta, rijiyar da ke gabanta da zuwa gefe guda na hanyar Babban aiki, da adadi mai yawa na tsoma baki, shaidu ne na aikin ban mamaki da masu fasahar kera jama'a ke yi, wanda tare ke bamu damar magana game da dawo da ginin.
A yau dukiyar tana da amfani mai mahimmanci ga al'umma: a matsayin addini, al'adu, cibiyar zamantakewar har ma da saitin wasu abubuwan da suka faru na International Cervantino Festival.
Ceto haikalin San José y Señor de Santiago de Marfil, a Guanajuato, misali ne na yadda al'umma suka san tarihinta na baya, za su iya murmurewa tare da ƙoƙarinta na arzikin al'adu don kanta kuma, don haka, ga ƙasar .
Source: Mexico a Lokaci Na 8 Agusta-Satumba 1995
