Daga asalinsa, mutum ya ga buƙatar sake tunaninsa game da duniya; saboda wannan dalili ya wakilta mahalli a kan manyan bangon dutse a cikin kogo ko a waje, kuma ya bayyana kansa a cikin sassaƙa sassaƙin dutse
Wadannan baje kolin fasaha, zane-zanen kogo da gumakan duwatsu, ban da kirkirar al'adun farko, suna daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin samun bayanai don ilimin al'ummomin da ba mu da rubutaccen rubutu game da su.
A cikin Mesoamerica, an sami rashin iyaka na siffofin anthropomorphic waɗanda aka yi su da yumbu a cikin Tsarin Tsarin (2 300 BC-100 AD), musamman a tsakiyar Mexico. Wannan lokacin ya kunshi dogon tsari wanda kwararru suka kasu zuwa Na Kasan, na tsakiya da na sama, saboda halayen al'adun da suka bayyana a cikinsu. Kodayake an sami bangarorin jinsi biyu, yawancinsu suna haskaka alheri da ƙoshin lafiyar jikin mace; Saboda an same su a cikin gonakin da aka noma, malamai sun danganta su da albarkar ƙasar.
Har zuwa yanzu, yanki mafi tsufa wanda yake a Mesoamerica (2300 BC), wanda aka dawo dashi a tsibirin Tlapacoya, Zohapilco, a tafkin Chalco, suma mata ne, masu kamanni da sandar silinda da ƙananan kumburin ciki; Kamar yadda ba ta gabatar da wata suttura ko ado ba, a fili suna bayyana halayen jima'i.
Ananan zane-zane tare da siffofin mutum waɗanda aka samo su an haɗa su don nazari kamar haka: ta hanyar ƙirar kere-kere, nau'in adonsu, man ɗin da aka yi su da shi, fasalin fuska da yanayin jiki, bayanai wadanda suke da mahimmanci don aiwatar da nazarin kwatankwacin lokaci da alaƙar sa da sauran al'adun makamantan su.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa waɗannan siffofi, kodayake suna cikin ɓangaren tsinkaye, suna nuna fasali na musamman don haka ana iya ɗaukar su ayyukan fasaha na gaskiya. A cikin wadannan "kyawawan matan", kamar yadda aka san su, mace mai son kai tsaye ta fito da karamin kugu, duwawunta masu fadi, kafafun kafafu da sifofi masu kyau, duk wadannan halaye ne na kyawunta. Piecesungiyoyin mata gabaɗaya tsirara suke; wasu suna da siket na kararrawa ko wando mai yuwuwa da iri, amma koyaushe tare da jikinsu. Idan ya zo ga gyaran gashi, ana lura da babban iri-iri: yana iya haɗawa da bakuna, manyan mata da ma rawani.
A cikin siffofin yumbu, ba za a yaba da shi ba idan mutane sun kasance suna yin taton kansu ko kuma yin tabo; duk da haka, babu wata tambaya cewa fuska da zane-zanen jiki ba su rabuwa da gyaranta. An kawata fuskarsa da jikinsa da sarƙoƙi da layuka farare, rawaya, ja da baki. Matan sun zana cinyar cinyarsu da zane-zane na geometric, da'irar kunkuru, da kuma yankuna masu murabba'i; suma sunada al'adar zana dukkan ilahirin jikin, barin daya ba mai kwalliya, a matsayin bambanci na alama. Wadannan jikin a cikin bikin suna nuna motsin da yake nuna a hanya mafi kyauta a cikin masu rawa, waɗanda ke wakiltar alheri, kyakkyawa da kyawun halaye na mata.
Babu shakka, waɗannan ayyukan suna da alaƙa da bukukuwan al'ada na girmama abubuwan al'ajabi na al'ada, wanda kiɗa da rawa ke da rawar jagoranci, kuma sun kasance bayyanar da tunanin su ga duniya.
Kodayake akan karamin mizani, ana kuma yin aiki da siffa ta namiji, kusan koyaushe tare da maxtlatl ko amintattu kuma a wasu lokuta tare da kayan ado masu kyau, amma ba safai ake nuna tsiraicin ba. Muna sane da amfani da wasu zaren don kera tufafinsu, kuma kuma mun san cewa an kawata shi da kyawawan zane da tambura launuka daban-daban; Hakanan, mai yiyuwa ne sun yi amfani da fatun dabbobi daban-daban don rufe kansu. Kasancewar waɗannan ɓangarorin sun kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci don gano yadda canje-canje a cikin zamantakewar zamantakewar wannan lokacin ke faruwa, tunda halayen maza suna samun mafi mahimmanci a cikin al'adun al'umma; Misali daga wannan su ne shamanai, mazaje waɗanda suka san sirrin tsirrai da magunguna, waɗanda ƙarfinsu ya ta'allaka ne a tsakaninsu tsakanin mutum da forcesarfin ernan Adam. Wadannan mutane sun jagoranci bukukuwan al'umma kuma wasu lokuta suna sanya masks tare da halayen abubuwan da aka gabatar don sanya tsoro da iko, saboda suna iya yin magana da ruhun da suke wakilta kuma su sami ikonsu da halayensu ta hanyar abin rufe fuska.
Hotunan da aka samo fuskokinsu masu rufe fuska waɗanda aka samo suna da kyau ƙwarai, kuma misali mai ban sha'awa shi ne wanda yake da abin rufe fuska na opossum, dabbar da ke da mahimmancin addini. Wakilcin masu rikitarwa na kowa ne; ya nuna kyakkyawan adon acrobat da aka yi da kaolin, farin farin yumbu, wanda yake a Tlatilco a cikin kabarin da ya yiwu na shaman ne. Sauran haruffan da za a lura da su su ne mawaƙa, waɗanda aka rarrabe su da kayan kiɗan su: ganga, da raɗaɗi, da bushe-bushe da bushe-bushe, da mutanen da ke da nakasu da fuskoki. Duality, jigo ne da ke tasowa a wannan lokacin, wanda asalinsa mai yiwuwa ne a cikin batun rayuwa da mutuwa ko kuma a cikin dimorphism na jima'i, yana bayyana kansa a cikin adadi tare da kawuna biyu ko fuska mai idanu uku. Ana gano 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, fuska, da masu kiyaye hannun, kuma saboda suna ɗauke da ƙaramin ƙurar yumbu. Qawata jiki ya kai qarshen maganarsa tare da nakasa kwanciya da gangan - alama ce ba kawai kyakkyawa ba amma ta matsayi - da yankewar hakora. Lalacewar jikin mutum ya samo asali ne tun kafin zamanin yumbu. kuma an aiwatar dashi a cikin dukkan membobin alumma. Daga makonnin farko na haihuwa, lokacin da kasusuwa za su iya gyaruwa, an sanya jariri a cikin wani madaidaicin ɓangaren ɓawon kai wanda ya matse ƙwan kansa, da nufin ba shi sabon fasali. Yaron ya kasance a haka har tsawon shekaru har zuwa lokacin da aka sami matakin nakasa.
An yi tambaya cewa nakasar kwanyar ta bayyana a cikin siffofin, saboda gaskiyar cewa an yi fasalin gutsutsuren da hannu; Koyaya, wannan al'adar ta bayyana a bayyane daga shedar kwarangwal da yawa da aka gano a cikin rami, inda ake yaba wannan ɓarna. Wani muhimmin daki-daki a cikin waɗannan ɓangarorin sune ƙusoshin kunne, zoben hanci, abun wuya, pectorals da mundaye a matsayin ɓangare na kyawawan halayen su. Hakanan ana iya kiyaye wannan fasalin al'adun Mesoamerican a cikin jana'iza, tunda waɗannan abubuwan sirri an ɗora su akan matattu.
Ta hanyar zane-zane ya kasance mai yiwuwa a sami ƙarin sani game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin al'adu ɗaya da wani, misali, tasirin duniyar Olmec a kan sauran al'adun Mesoamerican, ta hanyar musayar al'adu, wanda ke ƙaruwa yayin Tsarin Tsakiya. (1200-600 BC).
Tare da sauyi a cikin zamantakewar al'umma zuwa ga mafi karkatacciyar al'umma - inda aka fi jaddada ƙwarewar aiki kuma rukunin firistoci ya fito - da kuma kafa cibiyar shagulgula a matsayin wurin musayar ra'ayoyi da kayayyaki, an kuma canza ma'anar siffofin. da kuma samarda shi. Wannan ya faru ne a ƙarshen lokacin Tsarin (600 BC-AD 100), kuma an bayyana shi duka a cikin ƙirar kere kere da kuma cikin ƙwarewar fasaha na ƙananan zane-zanen, waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu da tsautsayi ba tare da alherin halayen waɗanda suka gabata ba. .
